Urban development suitability evaluations based on ecological assessments-A case study of Manasi County, Xinjiang Province
YANG Ping1, PENG Yu2, LIU Xuehua1, MENG Hongyan3, WANG Bin3
1. Institute of Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Institute of Landscape Architecture Planning, Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100044, China
摘要生态评估可以确定生态保护的重点区域,为城市规划提供科学参考。该文以新疆玛纳斯县为研究区域,首先根据专家知识和层次分析法,建立了生态敏感性和生态风险评价指标体系,然后在ArcGIS 9.3软件平台进行生态敏感性和生态风险综合评估,最后根据生态评估结果进行了县域发展适宜性分析,并划分了禁建区、限建区和适建区。结果表明:应用专家知识、层次分析法和GIS(geographical information system)进行生态评估,具有可操作性和结果的可靠性;高敏感区、较高敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区分别占研究区域总面积的41.31%、16.17%、16.44%、7.07%和19.01%;高生态风险区主要分布于塔西河乡南部、清水河乡中部和南部,以及广东地乡北部,较高风险区分布于塔西河中下游沿岸、玛纳斯河下游沿岸,其他地区生态风险等级较低;县域发展适宜性较高的区域主要位于玛纳斯镇大部分地区,兰州湾镇及147团场西部地区,北五岔北部,新湖农场,148团场、149团场、150团场东部地区,不适宜发展区域主要位于北部沙漠、南部山区、玛纳斯河和塔西河沿线及湿地区域。
Abstract:Ecological assessments are used to identify important areas for ecological protection and to provide scientific support for urban planning. This study took Manasi County, Xinjiang Province, as a case study and constructed an ecological sensitivity and ecological risk criteria system based on expert knowledge and an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The ecological sensitivity and risk assessment was used to evaluate the urban development suitability and to divide the whole area into prohibited construction, restricted construction and appropriate building zones. The process shows that the integrated expert knowledge, AHP data, and GIS data provides an effective ecological assessment method. The Manasi County has 41.31% extremely sensitive areas, 16.17% highly sensitive areas, 16.44% moderately sensitive areas, 7.07% low sensitive areas, and 19.01% non-sensitive areas. The extremely high ecological risk areas are mainly in the southern part of Taxi River County, the middle and southern part of Qingshui River County, and the northern part of Guangdongdi County. The high risk areas are mainly in the upstream and midstream regions of the Manasi and Taxi Rivers. The areas suitable for development are mainly in the towns of Manasi, Lanzhouwan, the western part of the 147 Production and Construction Corps, the northern part of Beiwucha, the western part of Xinhu farm, and the 148, 149 and 150 Production and Construction Corps areas, the low suitability for development areas are mainly in the desert, mountains, and wetlands.
杨萍, 彭羽, 刘雪华, 孟鸿雁, 王斌. 基于生态评估的新疆玛纳斯县域发展适宜性分析[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 56(8): 865-870.
YANG Ping, PENG Yu, LIU Xuehua, MENG Hongyan, WANG Bin. Urban development suitability evaluations based on ecological assessments-A case study of Manasi County, Xinjiang Province. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2016, 56(8): 865-870.
[1] 兰竹虹,陈桂珠.南中国海地区主要生态系统的退化现状与保育对策[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1978-1982.LAN Zhuhong,CHEN Guizhu.Degradation of main ecosystems in South China Sea and corresponding conservation countermeasure[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(10):1978-1982.(in Chinese)
[2] 郑昭佩,邢子金,李艳娟.北大沙河流域生态系统退化现状及其恢复对策[J].资源环境与发展,2009,3:15-17.ZHENG Shaopei,XING Zijin,LI Yanjuan.Degradation of ecosystems in Beidasha River Basin and restoration strategies[J].Resources,Environment and Development,2009,3:15-17.(in Chinese)
[3] 戚登臣,陈文业,张继强,等.敦煌西湖湿地生态系统现状、退化原因及综合修复对策[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):194-203.QI Dengchen,CHEN Wenye,ZHANG Jiqiang,et al.Status,degraded causes and comprehensive treatment of Dunhuang Xihu wetland ecosystem[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):194-203.(in Chinese)
[4] 张治华,徐建华,韩贵锋.生态敏感区划分指标体系研究——以北部湾(广西)经济区为例[J].中国东西部合作研究,2007,4:89-96.ZHANG Zhihua,XU Jianhua,HAN Guifeng.Research on the ecological sensitivity zone classification criteria system——A case study of Beibuwan economic zone[J].The Working Papers of RCEWCC,2007,4:89-96.(in Chinese)
[5] Suffling R.An index of ecological sensitivity to disturbance,based on ecosystem age,and related to landscape diversity[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1980,10(3):253-262.
[6] LIU Xuehua,SUN Yan.Evaluating and structuring indicators for wetland assessment[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering in China,2010,4(2):221-227.
[7] 李文华.生态系统服务功能价值评估的理论、方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.LI Wenhua.Theory,Methodology and Application of the Value Assessment of Ecosystems Service Function[M].Beijing:Publication House of Renmin University of China,2008.(in Chinese)
[8] 彭羽,刘雪华,张爽,等.基于综合生态损失度的顺义区生态风险评价.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(3):366-369.PENG Yu,LIU Xuehua,ZHANG Shuang,et al.Ecological risk assessment of the Shunyi District,Beijing based on an analysis of the integrated ecological loss[J].Journal of Tsinghua University (Sci&Tech),2008,48(3):366-369.(in Chinese)
[9] Bonan G B,Shugart H H,Urban D L.The sensitivity of some high-latitude boreal forest to climatic parameters[J].Climatic Change,1990,16(1):9-29.
[10] Eggermont H,Verschuren D,Audenaert L,et al.Limnological and ecological sensitivity of Rwenzori mountain lakes to climate warming[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,648(1):123-142.
[11] 房庆方,杨细平,蔡瀛.区域协调和可持续发展——珠江三角洲经济区城市群规划及其实施[J].城市规划,1997,22(1):7-10.FANG Qingfang,YANG Xiping,CAI Ying.Regional coordination and sustainable development——City group planning and implementation of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone[J].Urban Planning,1997,22(1):7-10.(in Chinese)
[12] 贾良清,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.安徽省生态功能区划研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):254-260.JIA Liangqing,OUYANG Zhiyun,ZHAO Tongqian,et al.The ecological function regionalization of Anhui province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):254-260.(in Chinese)
[13] 高会军,李小强,张峰.青海湖地区生态环境动态变化遥感监测[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):100-103.GAO Huijun,LI Xiaoqiang,ZHANG Feng.Remote sensing monitory study on the dynamic change of ecological environment in Qinghai Lake area during 25 years[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2005,16(3):100-103.(in Chinese)
[14] 康相武,吴绍洪,刘雪华.浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化时空演变规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):1-6.KANG Xiangwu,WU Shaohong,LIU Xuehua.Research on spatio-temporal change of sandy desertification in Hunshandake[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[15] 贺秋华,陈浒,屠玉麟.基于模糊综合评判的黔中地区生态环境敏感性研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,22(4):27-30.HE Qiuhua,CHEN Hu,TU Yulin.A study based on fuzzy synthetical judgement for the ecological environmental sensitivity in central Guizhou province[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Sciences),2004,22(4):27-30.(in Chinese)
[16] 孙国军.BP人工神经网络在生态环境脆弱性评价方面的应用——以乌拉特前旗为例.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(5):105-108.SUN Guojun.Study on the evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability by BP artificial neural network:A case study of Wulate County[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science),2012,48(5):105-108.(in Chinese)
[17] 王庆英.新疆玛纳斯河流域生态环境研究初探[J].内蒙古水利,2011,133(3):6-7.WANG Qingying.Preliminary research on the ecological environments of Manasi River Basin,Xinjiang Province[J].Neimenggu Water Engineering,2011,133(3):6-7.(in Chinese)
[18] 冯异星,罗格平,周德成,等.近50 a土地利用变化对干旱区典型流域景观格局的影响——以新疆玛纳斯和流域为例.生态学报,2010,30(16):4295-4305.FENG Yixing,LUO Geping,ZHOU Decheng,et al.Effects of land use change on landscape pattern of a typical arid watershed in the recent 50 years:A case study on Manas River Watershed in Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(16):4295-4305.(in Chinese)
[19] 王月健,徐海量,王成.过去30 a玛纳斯河流域生态安全格局与农业生产力演变[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2539-2549.WANG Yuejian,XU Hailiang,WANG Cheng.The evolution between ecological security pattern and agricultural productive force in Manasi River Basin for the past 30 years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(9):2539-2549.(in Chinese)