Abstract:An auto-calibration method was developed for planar four-cable parallel robots based on visual measurements. The end-effector pose is obtained using a camera fixed on the end-effector that measures the pose of AprilTags on storage racks. Geometric parameter identification and error compensation are then used for rapid calibration of the planar four-cable parallel robot. The system model is based on a kinematics model of the planar four-cable parallel robot for storage and logistics tasks. Then, the kinematics calibration method is used with the pose measuring method to calibrate the robot. The calibration accuracy was verified using both computer simulations and tests. The results show that this rapid calibration method provides positioning accuracy of less than 1 mm, which meets the accuracy requirement for the storage and stacking tasks.
[1] 张飞, 张彬, 周烽, 等. 面向自动仓储的绳索牵引并联机器人构型选择与参数优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(1): 1-8. ZHANG F, ZHANG B, ZHOU F, et al. Configuration selection and parameter optimization of redundantly actuated cable-driven parallel robots[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(1): 1-8. (in Chinese) [2] TANG X Q. An overview of the development for cable-driven parallel manipulator[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 2014: 823028. [3] RAMADAN M, SALAH B, NOCHE B. Innovative estimating travel time model for dual-command cycle time of Stewart-Gough platform in automated storage/retrieval systems[C]//ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. Chicago, USA: ASME, 2012: 737-743. [4] BRUCKMANN T, STURM C, FEHLBERG L, et al. An energy-efficient wire-based storage and retrieval system[C]//2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. Wollongong, Australia: IEEE, 2013: 631-636. [5] LAU D. Initial length and pose calibration for cable-driven parallel robots with relative length feedback[C]//3rd International Conference on Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CableCon). Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018: 140-151. [6] MAJARENA A C, SANTOLARIA J, SAMPER D, et al. An overview of kinematic and calibration models using internal/external sensors or constraints to improve the behavior of spatial parallel mechanisms[J]. Sensors, 2010, 10(11): 10256-10297. [7] YUAN H, YOU X H, ZHANG Y Q, et al. A novel calibration algorithm for cable-driven parallel robots with application to rehabilitation[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(11): 2182. [8] 郑亚青. 6自由度绳牵引并联机构的运动学参数标定[J]. 华侨大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 27(2): 184-188. ZHENG Y Q. Kinematic calibration of 6-DOF wire-driven parallel manipulators[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University (Natural Science), 2006, 27(2): 184-188. (in Chinese) [9] GARCíA-VANEGAS A, LIBERATO-TAFUR B, FORERO M G, et al. Automatic vision based calibration system for planar cable-driven parallel robots[M]//MANUEL G F, BRHAYAN L T, ANDRES G V, et al. Pattern recognition and image analysis. Cham: Springer, 2019: 600-609. [10] 黄田, 汪劲松, CHETWYND D G, 等. 并联构型装备几何参数可辨识性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2002, 38(S1): 1-6. HUANG T, WANG J S, CHETWYND D G, et al. Investigation into the identifiability of geometric parameters of pkm systems using a subset of pose error measurements[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2002, 38(S1): 1-6. (in Chinese) [11] VARZIRI M S, NOTASH L. Kinematic calibration of a wire-actuated parallel robot[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2007, 42(8): 960-976. [12] ZHENG T J, WANG Y, YANG G L, et al. Self-calibration method for two DOF cable-driven joint module[C]//Recent Trends in Intelligent Computing, Communication and Devices: Proceedings of ICCD 2018. Guangzhou, China: Springer, 2020: 983-991. [13] LOU Y N, LIN H Y, QUAN P K, et al. Self-calibration for the general cable-driven serial manipulator with multi-segment cables[J]. Electronics, 2021, 10(4): 444. [14] MIERMEISTER P, POTT A. Auto calibration method for cable-driven parallel robots using force sensors[M]//LENARCIC J, HUSTY M. Latest advances in robot kinematics. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012: 269-276. [15] JIN X J, JUNG J, KO S Y, et al. Geometric parameter calibration for a cable-driven parallel robot based on a single one-dimensional laser distance sensor measurement and experimental modeling[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(7): 2392. [16] OLSON E. AprilTag: A robust and flexible visual fiducial system[C]//2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Shanghai, China: IEEE, 2011: 3400-3407. [17] XU W F, YAN P H, WANG F X, et al. Vision-based simultaneous measurement of manipulator configuration and target pose for an intelligent cable-driven robot[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2022, 165: 108347. [18] 路红亮. 机器视觉中相机标定方法的研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2013. LU H L. Camera calibration method for machine vision[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2013. (in Chinese) [19] ZHANG F, SHANG W W, LI G J, et al. Calibration of geometric parameters and error compensation of non-geometric parameters for cable-driven parallel robots[J]. Mechatronics, 2021, 77: 102595. [20] ZHANG Z K, XIE G Q, SHAO Z F, et al. Kinematic calibration of cable-driven parallel robots considering the pulley kinematics[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2022, 169: 104648.