Risk management of water conservancy projects: Taking water conservancy projects in Ningxia as an example
LOU Changsheng1, TANG Wenzhe1, WANG Tengfei2
1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Student Office, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Abstract：[Objective] Water conservancy projects are complex and closely interact with the economy, society, and environment, involving multiple participants. Thus, there is a need to systematically manage risks to water conservancy projects with the support of information technology to effectively control risks and reduce losses. [Method] This study presents a risk management model for water conservancy projects, which can help understand the relationships between incentives, collaboration among participants, risk management processes, and information management platforms for water conservancy projects. Practically, the model can assist participants in efficiently managing project risks holistically. The model is validated by a survey of water conservancy projects in Ningxia, China. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a survey method mainly based on a questionnaire survey, supplemented by interviews and field investigation. The indicators were constructed based on literature research, and the 5-point Likert scoring method was used to quantify these indicators. The questionnaire consists of four parts: (1) In the section on risk factors of water conservancy projects, the influence and possibility of risks of water conservancy projects were evaluated. (2) In the section on the risk management system of the participating parties, the current situation of the risk management of each participant was analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the risk management level of each participant in water conservancy projects. (3) In the section on risk management methods, the use of risk management methods by the participants in each stage of risk management was evaluated. (4) In the section on risk management constraints, the main obstacles encountered by each participant in the risk management processes were summarized. Based on the mean value analysis of the questionnaire data and the interviews with each participant involved in the construction of water conservancy projects, we systematically analyzed the current situation of risk management of water conservancy projects in Ningxia. [Results] The survey results on risk management of water conservancy projects in Ningxia show that: (1) The main risks in water conservancy projects include construction safety issues, poor hydrogeological conditions, insufficient construction management capabilities, and resettlement issues. (2) Each participant in water conservancy projects needs to further improve their risk management systems to improve the level of risk management. (3) Risk analysis of water conservancy projects is mainly judged by the technical and management personnel relying on experience. Qualitative analysis is mainly used in risk analysis. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis has not been conducted. (4) The main constraints of risk management of water conservancy projects include the lack of a joint risk management system, insufficient information support for risk management, and irrational risk distribution among each participant in the construction. [Conclusions] Through the research on risk management of water conservancy projects in Ningxia, this study provides suggestions on risk management and helps the participants further improve their risk management capabilities. Risk management of water conservancy projects should (1) establish a formal risk management system; (2) create a collaborative risk management mechanism; (3) use appropriate incentives; and (4) develop an information management platform consisting of a water conservancy project risk database, a collaborative work system, and a decision-making support system.
娄长圣, 唐文哲, 王腾飞. 水利工程风险管理：以宁夏水利工程为例[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 63(2): 233-241.
LOU Changsheng, TANG Wenzhe, WANG Tengfei. Risk management of water conservancy projects: Taking water conservancy projects in Ningxia as an example. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2023, 63(2): 233-241.
[1] 祁世芳, 贾月阳. 工程项目的风险管理研究[J]. 太原理工大学学报, 2002, 33(1): 95-99. QI S F, JIA Y Y. The theoretical survey of risk management on engineering projects[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2002, 33(1): 95-99. (in Chinese) [2] SCHIEG M. Risk management in construction project management[J]. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 2006, 7(2): 77-83. [3] 吴桂玲. 风险管理及其实施步骤[J]. 质量与可靠性, 1997(6): 22-24. WU G L. Implementation steps of risk management[J]. Quality and Reliability, 1997(6): 22-24. (in Chinese) [4] 谭学龙. 浅谈水利水电工程项目风险管理[J]. 工程技术, 2016(2): 220. TAN X L. Risk management of water conservancy and hydropower projects[J]. Engineering Technology, 2016(2): 220. (in Chinese) [5] 唐文哲, 强茂山, 陆佑楣, 等. 基于伙伴关系的项目风险管理研究[J]. 水力发电, 2006, 32(7): 1-4. TANG W Z, QIANG M S, LU Y M, et al. Partnering-based project risk management research[J]. Water Power, 2006, 32(7): 1-4. (in Chinese) [6] 杨春红. 浅谈水利水电工程项目风险管理[J]. 城市建设理论研究(电子版), 2013(14): 1-6. YANG C H. Risk management of water conservancy and hydropower projects[J]. Theoretical Research in Urban Construction, 2013(14): 1-6. (in Chinese) [7] 余自业, 张亚坤, 吴泽昆, 等. 基于伙伴关系的水利工程建设管理模型: 以宁夏水利工程为实证案例[J]. 水力发电学报, 2022, 41(1): 35-41. YU Z Y, ZHANG Y K, WU Z K, et al. Partnering-based construction management model of water conservancy projects: Case study of water conservancy projects in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2022, 41(1): 35-41. (in Chinese) [8] 王宏伟, 孙建峰, 吴海欣, 等. 现代大型工程项目全面风险管理体系研究[J]. 水利水电技术, 2006, 37(2): 103-105. WANG H W, SUN J F, WU H X, et al. Research on ERM system for major modern construction project[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2006, 37(2): 103-105. (in Chinese) [9] 何苗, 樊子立, 张如. 数字经济下企业风险的性质转变与管理策略[J]. 财会月刊, 2021(15): 117-123. HE M, FAN Z L, ZHANG R. Transformation and management strategies of enterprise risk in the digital economy[J]. Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2021(15): 117-123. (in Chinese) [10] SCHWARZ I J, SÁNCHEZ I P M. Implementation of artificial intelligence into risk management decision-making processes in construction projects[R/OL]. (2011)[2022-06-15]. https://web.actuaries.ie/sites/default/files/erm-resources/57_artificial_intelligence_risk_management_Schwarz.pdf.pdf. [11] 郝春艳, 丁云涛. 知识管理项目全面风险管理的研究[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2006, 8(2): 161-162, 174. HAO C Y, DING Y T. Research on overall risk management of knowledge items[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 2006, 8(2): 161-162, 174. (in Chinese) [12] 黄黎明, 张可, 龚寻, 等. 大数据视角下水利工程质量风险管理[J]. 水利经济, 2017, 35(6): 66-70. HUANG L M, ZHANG K, GONG X, et al. Management of quality risk of water conservancy projects from perspective of big data[J]. Journal of Economics of Water Resources, 2017, 35(6): 66-70. (in Chinese) [13] 吴泽昆, 张亚坤, 张旭腾, 等. 基于伙伴关系的水利工程建设信息化管理[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 62(8): 1351-1356. WU Z K, ZHANG Y K, ZHANG X T, et al. Information management of water conservancy project partnering[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2022, 62(8): 1351-1356. (in Chinese) [14] RAHMAN M M, KUMARASWAMY M M. Joint risk management through transactionally efficient relational contracting[J]. Construction Management and Economics, 2002, 20(1): 45-54. [15] TANG W Z, DUFFIELD C F, YOUNG D M. Partnering mechanism in construction: An empirical study on the Chinese construction industry[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2006, 132(3): 217-229. [16] OSIPOVA E, ERIKSSON P E. Balancing control and flexibility in joint risk management: Lessons learned from two construction projects[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2013, 31(3): 391-399. [17] 肖文功. 基于合作关系的工程项目风险管理组织集成[J]. 油气田地面工程, 2012, 31(5): 15-16. XIAO W G. Organization integration of engineering project risk management based on cooperative relationship[J]. Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering, 2012, 31(5): 15-16. (in Chinese) [18] FRIDAY D, RYAN S, SRIDHARAN R, et al. Collaborative risk management: A systematic literature review[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2018, 48(3): 231-253. [19] LEHTIRANTA L. Collaborative risk management processes: A constructive case study[J]. Engineering Project Organization Journal, 2013, 3(4): 198-212. [20] TANG W Z, QIANG M S, DUFFIELD C F, et al. Risk management in the Chinese construction industry[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2007, 133(12): 944-956. [21] 丁国强. 浅谈水利工程项目风险管理[J]. 商品与质量, 2015(8): 234. DING G Q. Risk management of water conservancy projects[J]. The Merchandise and Quality, 2015(8): 234. (in Chinese) [22] 张亚莉, 杨乃定. 知识管理视角下的项目风险管理过程与集成[J]. 工业工程与管理, 2006, 11(6): 110-113. ZHANG Y L, YANG N D. A project risk management process and integration under the view of knowledge management[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2006, 11(6): 110-113. (in Chinese) [23] TANG W Z, QIANG M S, DUFFIELD C F, et al. Incentives in the Chinese construction industry[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2008, 134(7): 457-467. [24] 何晶, 白玉杰, 李华. 水利工程的风险管理问题分析[J]. 河南水利与南水北调, 2015(16): 73-74. HE J, BAI Y J, LI H. Research on risk management of water conservancy projects[J]. Henan Water Resources and South-to-North Water Diversion, 2015(16): 73-74. (in Chinese)
2023, Vol. 63 
