1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; 2. Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China
Abstract：[Objective] Recently, several large-scale water conservancy projects have opened in China to alleviate the regional water shortage problem. Inverted siphon structure, an essential part of long-distance water transfer projects is widely used in interbasin water transfer projects. Arch-inverted siphon has characteristics of a water pipeline and an arch bridge, and the mass of the upper water body is vast, which is “top heavy” compared with the supporting structure. Structural seismic problems are prominent; however, studies on the seismic performance of this type of structure are fewer. Therefore, this study conducted shaking table tests to study the effects of changes in the state of water conveyance and ground vibration excitation categories on the seismic response of the structure. [Methods] Based on similarity theory, this study designs a similar relationship of Longchuan River inverted siphon, assembles a corresponding similar model using Plexiglas and steel processing, arranges a certain number of acceleration sensors and displacement sensors in the critical parts of the model, and then, performs 13 shaking table test conditions, which consider the state of water conveyance, the category of ground vibration, and the direction of ground vibration excitation. Dynamic acceleration response of similar models in the tests is collected by the sensors, and the acceleration response in the white noise sweep test can identify the intrinsic frequency of the structure, whereas that in the ground vibration excitation test can be converted into the displacement response by integrating the response to compare and analyze the changes in structural self-oscillation characteristics, peak acceleration, and peak displacement under different working conditions. [Results] The shaking table test results revealed the following points: (1) The acceleration response of the Longchuan River inverted siphon had a pronounced amplification effect under the increase in elevation, and this effect was nonlinear growth, X-direction excitation—the maximum response of the structural acceleration occurs at the top of the pier, and Y-direction excitation—the maximum response of the structural acceleration occurred at the steel pipe. (2) Under different water transfer conditions, the structural period would be extended after the mass of the upper water body was increased, which was far away from the seismic excellence period and reduced the seismic action on the structure. This effect was greater than that of the increased inertia force caused by the increase in mass, which reduced the dynamic response of the structure to a certain extent, and the seismic performance was improved. (3) Under different ground shaking excitations, the same intensity would affect the structure differently. The structural response was strongly correlated with the frequency component of the excitation waveform at the fundamental frequency of the structure, and the larger the frequency component in the fundamental frequency band, the larger the response. [Conclusions] These results reveal the effects of water conveyance state and ground vibration type on the seismic performance of arch-inverted siphon structures, which can provide theoretical guidance for the seismic design of such structures.
[1] 皇甫岗,石绍先,苏有锦. 20世纪云南地震活动研究[J].地震研究, 2000, 23(1):1-9. HUANGFU G, SHI S X, SU Y J. Study on seismicity in Yunnan in the 20th century[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 2000, 23(1):1-9.(in Chinese) [2] 赵剑明,汪闻韶.关于水利工程震害及抗震研究的几点思考[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 40(S1):91-95. ZHAO J M, WANG W S. Some reflections on earthquake disaster and earthquake resistance study of hydraulic projects[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2000, 40(S1):91-95.(in Chinese) [3] NAEIM F. Research overview:Seismic response of structures[J]. Structural Design of Tall Buildings, 1998, 7(3):195-215. [4] XUE Q. Need of performance-based earthquake engineering in Taiwan:A lesson from the Chi-Chi earthquake[J]. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics, 2000, 29(11):1609-1627. [5] 卢永坤,曾应青,周光全,等. 2007年宁洱6.4级地震震害综述[J].地震研究, 2007, 30(4):364-372. LU Y K, ZENG Y Q, ZHOU G Q, et al. Summarization of the 2007 Ning'er, Yunnan, MS6.4 earthquake disaster[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 2007, 30(4):364-372.(in Chinese) [6] 韩迅,安雪晖,柳春娜.南水北调中线大型跨(穿)河建筑物综合风险评价[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 58(7):639-649. HAN X, AN X H, LIU C N. Integrated risk evaluation of large river-crossing buildings in the middle of the south-to-north water diversion project[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2018, 58(7):639-649.(in Chinese) [7] 贾少燕.沁河渠道倒虹吸混凝土管道地震反应分析[J].人民黄河, 2008, 30(9):74-75. JIA S Y. Seismic response analysis of inverted siphon concrete pipeline in Qinhe channel[J]. Yellow River, 2008, 30(9):74-75.(in Chinese) [8] 徐平,唐献富,夏唐代.倒虹吸混凝土管道的地震反应分析[J].西北地震学报, 2007, 29(4):294, 352-356, 376. XU P, TANG X F, XIA T D. Analysis on earthquake response of the inverted siphon concrete pipes[J]. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 2007, 29(4):294, 352-356, 376.(in Chinese) [9] 王慧,李晓克,赵顺波.复杂地质条件下大型箱型倒虹吸动力响应研究[J].水力发电, 2011, 37(7):19-22. WANG H, LI X K, ZHAO S B. Dynamic response of large box-shaped inverted siphon under complex geological conditions[J]. Water Power, 2011, 37(7):19-22.(in Chinese) [10] 胡蕾,石长征,伍鹤皋.考虑行波效应的大跨度倒虹吸明钢管地震反应分析[J].水力发电学报, 2015, 34(1):197-202. HU L, SHI C Z, WU H G. Influence of travelling wave on seismic response of exposed steel penstock for inverted siphon[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2015, 34(1):197-202.(in Chinese) [11] 石长征,伍鹤皋,李云,等.跨活断层倒虹吸明钢管对断层错动的适应性及抗震性研究[J].水力发电学报, 2012, 31(2):198-205. SHI C Z, WU H G, LI Y, et al. Study on adaptability to fault slide and aseismic behavior of exposed steel penstock for fault-crossing inverted siphon[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2012, 31(2):198-205.(in Chinese) [12] 《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国桥梁工程学术研究综述·2021[J].中国公路学报, 2021, 34(2):1-97. Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China's bridge engineering research:2021[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34(2):1-97.(in Chinese) [13] 陈彦江,张德义,李晰,等.空间变化地震作用下钢管混凝土拱桥的抗震分析[J].工程力学, 2013, 30(12):99-106. CHEN Y J, ZHANG D Y, LI X, et al. Stochastic seismic analysis of a CFST arch bridge under spatially varying ground motions[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2013, 30(12):99-106.(in Chinese) [14] 江辉,宋光松,刘展铄,等.近断层地震下大跨度铁路钢桁架拱桥减震技术研究[J].振动与冲击, 2023, 42(4):95-105. JIANG H, SONG G S, LIU Z S, et al. Seismic reduction technology of a long-span railway steel truss arch bridge under near-fault earthquakes[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(4):95-105.(in Chinese) [15] 张永亮,冯鹏飞,陈兴冲,等.高阶振型对大跨度钢桁拱桥地震反应的影响[J].振动与冲击, 2020, 39(6):225-229, 242. ZHANG Y L, FENG P F, CHEN X C, et al. Influence of high-order modes on the seismic response of a long-span steel truss arch bridge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(6):225-229, 242.(in Chinese) [16] 徐艳,胡世德.钢管混凝土拱桥的动力稳定极限承载力研究[J].土木工程学报, 2006, 39(9):68-73. XU Y, HU S D. A study on the dynamic ultimate capacity of CFST arch bridges[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(9):68-73.(in Chinese) [17] 闫维明,李晰,陈彦江,等.钢管混凝土拱桥台阵试验研究:场地条件的影响[J].工程力学, 2013, 30(6):116-123. YAN W M, LI X, CHEN Y J, et al. Shaking table research on a CFST arch bridge model:Effect of site condition[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2013, 30(6):116-123.(in Chinese) [18] WANG T C, ZENG C F, RUAN Z H, et al. Shaking table test and numerical research on seismic response of a CFST arch bridge for different soil grounds[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2022, 36:100822. [19] ZHANG K L, LIU A R, FU J Y, et al. Shaking table test of a new special-shaped arch bridge[J]. Engineering Structures, 2023, 286:116075. [20] 李振富,杨业,周潜.普渡河管桥结构抗震分析[J].水利水电技术, 2001, 32(12):59-61. LI Z F, YANG Y, ZHOU Q. Seismic response analysis of composite structure of duct and bridge over Pudu river[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2001, 32(12):59-61.(in Chinese) [21] 周鼎鈜,李睿,崔又文,等.大跨度大断面拱式倒虹吸桥架的地震响应分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造, 2023, 45(3):126-134. ZHOU D H, LI R, CUI Y W, et al. Seismic response analysis of large-span large-section arch inverted siphon bridge frame[J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 2023, 45(3):126-134.(in Chinese) [22] 石长征,程超,王志明,等.大跨度倒虹吸管桥结构抗震性能[J].长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(12):111-116. SHI C Z, CHENG C, WANG Z M, et al. Seismic performance of large-span inverted siphon pipe bridge structure[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(12):111-116.(in Chinese) [23] 蒋乐英,廖意辉,王志明,等.河谷差异地震作用下拱式倒虹吸地震响应分析[J].长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(12):117-121, 140. JIANG L Y, LIAO Y H, WANG Z M, et al. Seismic response of arch inverted siphon under the excitation of river valley differential earthquake[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(12):117-121, 140.(in Chinese) [24] 张敏政.地震模拟实验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动, 1997, 17(2):52-58. ZHANG M Z. Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1997, 17(2):52-58.(in Chinese) [25] 林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报, 2000, 40(1):1-8. LIN G, ZHU T, LIN B. Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2000, 40(1):1-8.(in Chinese) [26] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.水工建筑物抗震设计标准:GB 51247-2018[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2018. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Standard for seismic design of hydraulic structures:GB 51247-2018[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press, 2018.(in Chinese) [27] GAO Y F, WU Y X, LI D Y, et al. An improved method for the generating of spectrum-compatible time series using wavelets[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2014, 30(4):1467-1485. [28] 李国强,李杰.工程结构动力检测理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002. LI G Q, LI J. Theory and application of dynamic inspection of engineering structures[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
2024, Vol. 64 
