Shaking table test of tuned damped aqueducts with a water-passing barrier
HUANG Banghui1, LI Zhirong2, ZUO Shuqiong2, DNEG Kailai1, GU Wenlan2, HONG Yu1
1. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2. Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China
Abstract：[Objective] Under transverse earthquake excitation, a water body in a large-scale aqueduct experiences evident vibration, which amplifies the seismic response of the aqueduct. This study proposes a water-passing barrier specifically designed for large-scale aqueducts to mitigate water vibration in the transverse direction. The water-passing barrier is strategically installed in the central line in the aqueduct along the longitudinal direction to divide the water body. The holes are reserved on the water-passing barrier that facilitates the passage of water during water vibration, thereby altering the vibration characteristics of the water body. By inducing water spin, it is possible to dissipate the vibration energy of the water body, ultimately leading to changes in the overall dynamic features of the aqueduct and a reduction in the overall seismic response of the aqueduct. [Methods] To investigate the effectiveness of water-passing barriers for vibration control in aqueducts, shaking table tests were conducted on typical large-scale aqueducts with rectangular and U-shaped sections. Various parameters, including the water height in the aqueduct, the permeability of the water-passing barrier, and the amplitude and frequency of the table motion, were considered during the shaking table tests. Through a comprehensive series of shaking table tests, the dynamic responses of the aqueduct were evaluated under white noise, simple harmonic load, and earthquake excitation. These responses encompass water vibration patterns, natural vibration frequency of the aqueduct, peak acceleration of the cap beam, and other structural responses. [Results] The test results indicated that water-passing barriers could enhance the table acceleration threshold for aqueduct overflow and reduce the vibration of the water body in the structure. The seismic reduction coefficient was quantified as the ratio of the peak acceleration of the cap beam in the aqueduct with a water-passing barrier to that without a water-passing barrier. The seismic reduction coefficient was influenced by various issues, such as the cross-section of the aqueduct, water level, excitation frequency, and permeability of the water-passing barrier. [Conclusions] Notably, the water-passing barrier exhibits effective response reduction performance when the excitation frequency is consistent with the fundamental frequency of the aqueduct. Nevertheless, when the excitation frequency significantly deviates from the fundamental frequency of the aqueduct, the water-passing barrier inadvertently amplifies the seismic response of the structure. When subjected to the El centro earthquake excitation, the water-passing barrier consistently exhibits satisfactory response reduction performance across most cases. However, the mean value and standard deviation of the seismic reduction coefficient are mainly influenced by the water level in the aqueduct and the permeability of the water-passing barrier. As the acceleration of the table motion increased, the water body exhibits more vigorous vibrations, leading to improved vibration reduction performance because of the water-passing barrier. Nonetheless, further investigation through more sophisticated tests and detailed analyses is necessary to establish a comprehensive understanding of the quantitative vibration control mechanism.
[1] 云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局,云南省滇中引水工程有限公司.滇中引水工程奋战高原水润滇中[J].中国水利, 2022(19):96-97. Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Construction Administration Bureau, Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Co., Ltd.. Yunnan water diversion project struggles on the plateau to deliver water to central Yunnan[J]. China Water Resources, 2022(19):96-97.(in Chinese) [2] 刘长升,刘南廷,高连庆.引大济岷工程与都江堰灌区的关系分析[J].四川水利, 2023, 44(1):39-41, 58. LIU C S, LIU N T, GAO L Q. Analysis on relationship between the water diversion project from the Dadu River to the Minjiang River and Dujiangyan irrigation area[J]. Sichuan Water Resources, 2023, 44(1):39-41, 58.(in Chinese) [3] 杨启贵,张传健,颜天佑,等.长距离调水工程建设与安全运行集成研究及应用[J].岩土工程学报, 2022, 44(7):1188-1210. YANG Q G, ZHANG C J, YAN T Y, et al. Integrated research and application of construction and safe operation of long-distance water transfer projects[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(7):1188-1210.(in Chinese) [4] 周云,房艳国,王家祥,等.滇中引水工程穿过活动断裂防震抗震思路研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 41(S1):7-11. ZHOU Y, FANG Y G, WANG J X, et al. Earthquake resistance and prevention methods of tunnels through active faults of water diversion project in central Yunnan[J]. Journal of China Three Gorges University (Natural Sciences), 2019, 41(S1):7-11.(in Chinese) [5] 李长春.大型渡槽抗震与隔震研究及应用[D].郑州:华北水利水电大学, 2020. LI C C. Research and application of seismic and isolation of large scale aqueduct[D]. Zhengzhou:North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, 2020.(in Chinese) [6] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.中国地震动参数区划图:GB 18306-2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2016. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China:GB 18306-2015[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2016.(in Chinese) [7] 许新勇,刘旭辉,蒋莉.强震作用下大型渡槽结构地震动力破坏机理分析[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 43(4):48-53. XU X Y, LIU X H, JIANG L. Analysis on seismic dynamic failure mechanism of large aqueduct structure under strong earthquake[J]. Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 43(4):48-53.(in Chinese) [8] 吴冲,徐建国,张春宇,等.强震作用下南水北调双洎河渡槽结构非线性分析[J].水电能源科学, 2022, 40(2):123-126, 140. WU C, XU J G, ZHANG C Y, et al. Nonlinear analysis of Shuangjihe River aqueduct structure of South-to-North Water Diversion Project under strong earthquake[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2022, 40(2):123-126, 140.(in Chinese) [9] 张多新,李嘉豪,王清云,等.基于"设计标准"的大型渡槽动力计算与隔减震研究[J].水利学报, 2021, 52(7):873-883. ZHANG D X, LI J H, WANG Q Y, et al. Research on seismic isolation and reduction of large aqueduct and its dynamic calculation based on "Design Standards" [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021, 52(7):873-883.(in Chinese) [10] 张多新,崔越越,王静,等.大型渡槽结构动力学研究进展(2010-2019)[J].自然灾害学报, 2020, 29(4):20-33. ZHANG D X, CUI Y Y, WANG J, et al. Research progress in structural dynamics of large scale aqueduct (2010-2019)[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2020, 29(4):20-33.(in Chinese) [11] 王海波,李春雷,朱璨,等.大型薄壁输水渡槽流固耦合振动台试验研究[J].水利学报, 2020, 51(6):653-663. WANG H B, LI C L, ZHU C, et al. Experimental study of dynamic interaction between large thin wall aqueduct and water[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020, 51(6):653-663.(in Chinese) [12] 季日臣,苏小凤,严娟.水体质量对大型梁式渡槽横向抗震性能影响研究[J].地震工程学报, 2013, 35(3):569-574. JI R C, SU X F, YAN J. Transverse seismic performance of beam aqueduct considering water mass influence[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2013, 35(3):569-574.(in Chinese) [13] HOUSNER G W. Dynamic pressures on accelerated fluid containers[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1957, 47(1):15-35. [14] 李遇春,余燕清,王庄.圆管渡槽抗震计算流体等效简化模型[J].南水北调与水利科技, 2015, 13(6):1101-1104. LI Y C, YU Y Q, WANG Z. Simplified equivalent fluid model for seismic response calculation of pipeline bridge[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology, 2015, 13(6):1101-1104.(in Chinese) [15] 李遇春,张龙.渡槽抗震计算若干问题讨论与建议[J].水电能源科学, 2013, 31(11):136-139. LI Y C, ZHANG L. Discussions and proposals for several issues on seismic-resistance computation of flumes[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2013, 31(11):136-139.(in Chinese) [16] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.水工建筑物抗震设计标准:GB 51247-2018[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2018. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Standard for seismic design of hydraulic structures:GB 51247-2018[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press, 2018.(in Chinese) [17] 梁桓玮,邓开来,张延杰,等.地震下方形大断面渡槽水体晃动效应对比分析[J].世界地震工程, 2023, 39(4):86-94. LIANG H W, DENG K L, ZHANG Y J, et al. Comparative analysis of slosh effect of aqueduct with large square section under earthquake[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2023, 39(4):86-94.(in Chinese) [18] 刘坤,李睿,王若谷,等.槽内水流对拱式渡槽流固耦合响应的影响研究[J].施工技术(中英文), 2022, 51(7):80-84. LIU K, LI R, WANG R G, et al. Study on effect of water flow in channel on fluid-solid coupling response of arched aqueduct[J]. Construction Technology, 2022, 51(7):80-84.(in Chinese) [19] 徐家云,胡学苏,吴永昂,等.基于水体TLD效应的渡槽横向抗震研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2012, 34(10):96-100. XU J Y, HU X S, WU Y A, et al. Research on aqueduct transverse seismic response based on the TLD effect of water body[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2012, 34(10):96-100.(in Chinese)
2024, Vol. 64 
