Development of lymphatic nodes in the Chinese reference adult male voxel model (CRAM) with applications to radionuclide therapy
LIU Huan, QIU Rui, PAN Yuxi, LI Junli
Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of the Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
摘要利用人体计算模型对接受放射性核素治疗的淋巴癌病人进行剂量评估时，淋巴结是至关重要的，国际放射防护委员会（International Commission on Radiological Protection，ICRP）在103号报告中将淋巴结作为辐射敏感器官。由于淋巴结在人体内分布广泛且尺寸小，在人体计算模型中很难对其进行描述。该文介绍了一种在中国成年男性参考人体素模型（Chinese reference adult male voxel model，CRAM）中自动建立淋巴结的方法，并计算了放射性核素131I分布在淋巴结时，人体其他组织或器官的S因子。在CRAM中建立了17个部位的淋巴结，淋巴结总数目、总质量符合中国参考值。S因子的计算作为淋巴结在放射性核素治疗剂量评估中的一个应用，其大小基本上能够反映淋巴结及人体其他组织或器官的位置信息。
Abstract：The dosages to lymphatic nodes are critical to evaluating the dose in lymphoma patients treated with radionuclide therapy in studies using human computational phantoms. Furthermore, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) now considers the lymphatic nodes to be a radiosensitive tissue in ICRP Publication 103. Since lymphatic nodes are widely distribute the human body and are quite small, they are difficult to model in human computational models. This paper introduces a method that automatically develops lymphatic nodes in the Chinese reference adult male voxel model (CRAM). The S-values for 131I are calculated with the lymphatic nodes as the source organs and the other organs and tissues in the human body treated as the target regions. The CRAM model has a total of 17 lymphatic node sites. Both the number and mass of the lymphatic nodes accord with the Chinese reference values. The S-value calculation illustrates the dose assessment for radionuclide therapy and its value is related to the position of the lymphatic nodes and other organs and tissues in the human body.
刘欢, 邱睿, 潘羽晞, 李君利. 中国成年男性参考人体素模型CRAM淋巴结的建立及其在放射性核素治疗中的应用[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 56(12): 1290-1296.
LIU Huan, QIU Rui, PAN Yuxi, LI Junli. Development of lymphatic nodes in the Chinese reference adult male voxel model (CRAM) with applications to radionuclide therapy. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2016, 56(12): 1290-1296.
ICRP. Report on the Task Group on Reference Man, ICRP Publication 23[R]. Oxford:International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1975.
[2]
ICRP. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60[R]. Oxford:International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1991.
[3]
ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103[R]. Oxford:International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2007.
[4]
王云祥. 实用淋巴系统解剖学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 1980.WANG Yunxiang. Practical Lymphotomy[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 1980. (in Chinese)
[5]
ICRP. Basic Anatomical and Physiological Data for Use in Radiological Protection Reference Values, ICRP Publication 89[R]. Oxford:International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2002.
[6]
Ferrari P, Gualdrini G. An improved MCNP version of the NORMAN voxel phantom for dosimetry studies[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2005, 50:4299-4316.
[7]
Kramer R, Khoury H J, Vieira J W, et al. MAX06 and FAX06:Update of two adult human phantoms for radiation protection dosimetry[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2006, 51:3331-3346.
[8]
Zankle M, Becker J, Fill U, et al. GSF male and female adult voxel models representing ICRP reference man:The present status[C]//Proceedings of the 2005 Topical Meeting, The Monte Carlo Method:Versatility Unbounded in a Dynamic Computing World. Chattanooga, USA, 2005.
[9]
Lee C, Kaufman K, Pafundi D, et al. An algorithm for lymphatic node placement in hybrid computational phantoms-Applications to radionuclide therapy dosimetry[J]. IEEE Transactions, 2009, 97(12):2098-2108.
[10]
Lee C, Bolch W. Development of computational lymph node models for pediatric hybrid phantoms for nuclear medicine dosimetry[J]. Med Phys, 2011, 38:3729.
[11]
Lee C, Lamart S, Moroz B E. Computational lymphatic node models in pediatric and adult hybrid phantoms for radiation dosimetry[J]. Phys Med Biol, 2013, 58:N59-N82.
[12]
刘立业. 中国成年男性参考人体素模型及在剂量测量评价中的应用[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2010.LIU Liye. Development of Chinese Reference Adult Male Voxel Model and Its Application in Radiation Dose Measurement and Assessment[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2010. (in Chinese)
[13]
王继先, 陈如松, 诸洪达, 等. 中国参考人解剖生理和代谢数据[M]. 北京:原子能出版社, 1998.WANG Jixian, CHEN Rusong, ZHU Hongda, et al. Data of Anatomical Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics for Chinese Reference Man[M]. Bejing:Atomic Energy Press, 1998. (in Chinese)
[14]
柏树令, 应大君, 丁文龙, 等. 系统解剖学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013.BO Shuling, YING Dajun, DING Wenlong, et al. Systematic Anatomy[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2013. (in Chinese)
[15]
ICRP. Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations, ICRP Publication 107[R]. Oxford:International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2007.
2016, Vol. 56 
