Please wait a minute...
 首页  期刊介绍 期刊订阅 联系我们 横山亮次奖 百年刊庆
 
最新录用  |  预出版  |  当期目录  |  过刊浏览  |  阅读排行  |  下载排行  |  引用排行  |  横山亮次奖  |  百年刊庆
清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2016, Vol. 56 Issue (4): 381-386,393    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2016.24.007
  水利水电工程 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
1956-2010年中国降雪特征变化
章诞武, 丛振涛, 倪广恒
清华大学 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
Snowfall changes in China during 1956-2010
ZHANG Danwu, CONG Zhentao, NI Guangheng
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
全文: PDF(3084 KB)  
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要 降雪特征变化是气候变化的重要组成之一。降雪特征变化一方面影响流域径流总量,另一方面改变流域年内径流的分布。该文基于中国743个国家气象站1956-2010年日气象观测数据,在降雪辨识基础上,插值计算10 km网格日降雪,然后从不同时间尺度分析了降雪特征变化。结果表明:除长江中下游外,中国主要降雪区域年降雪量都显著增加,并且存在"少-多-少"的代际变化模态;降雪在年内没有显著的集中趋势,有利于形成积雪,利于增加流域水资源量。长江中下游地区的降雪年内集中,年总降雪由主要日降雪事件构成,降雪对该地区的径流过程影响不大。
服务
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章
章诞武
丛振涛
倪广恒
关键词 降雪趋势变化空间分布水文响应    
Abstract:Changes in snowfall not only alter the temporal distribution of intra-annual runoff, but also the available annual water resources. The characteristics and temporal trend of snowfall were evaluated during the past five decades in China. Based on daily observations from 743 national meteorological stations for the period 1956-2010, an empirical relationship was used to identify precipitation types. The interpolated 10 km grid snowfall data was then analyzed at different time scales. The results indicate that the annual snowfall shows inter-decadal variations of "less-more-less" in the regions other than the Yangtze River region. The evenly distributed snowfalls in these regions during the cold season result in significant accumulation, which tends to yield more total annual runoff. Differently, decreasing annual snowfalls in the mid-and lower-reaches of the Yangtze River region are due to several single day snowfalls. So, the snowfall results in little runoff in these regions.
Key wordssnowfall    temporal trend    spatial characteristics    hydrological response
收稿日期: 2014-11-21      出版日期: 2016-04-15
ZTFLH:  TV125  
通讯作者: 丛振涛,副教授,E-mail:congzht@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn     E-mail: congzht@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
引用本文:   
章诞武, 丛振涛, 倪广恒. 1956-2010年中国降雪特征变化[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 56(4): 381-386,393.
ZHANG Danwu, CONG Zhentao, NI Guangheng. Snowfall changes in China during 1956-2010. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2016, 56(4): 381-386,393.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2016.24.007  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2016/V56/I4/381
  图1 1956—2010年多年平均的降雪情况空间分布
  图2 中国1956—2010年降雪变化趋势
  图3 前后2个时段年平均降雪量之差与多年平均的比值图
  图4 中国1956—2010年的降雪月份数多年平均值和趋势变化
  图5 月最高降雪量占年总降雪量之比的多年平均值和趋势变化
  图6 日最大降雪占年总降雪之比的多年平均值及出现月份
[1] Barnett T P, Adam J C, Lettenmaier D P. Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions[J]. Nature, 2005, 438(7066):303-309.
[2] CHEN Rensheng, KANG Ersi, JI Xibin, et al. Cold regions in China[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2006, 45(2):95-102.
[3] Stewart I T, Cayan D R, Dettinger M D. Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America[J]. Journal of Climate, 2005, 18(8):1136-1155.
[4] Clow D W. Changes in the timing of snowmelt and streamflow in Colorado:A response to recent warming[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010, 23(9):2293-2306.
[5] Fritze H, Stewart I T, Pebesma E. Shifts in western North American snowmelt runoff regimes for the recent warm decades[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2011, 12(5):989-1006.
[6] Berghuijs W R, Woods R A, Hrachowitz M. A precipitation shift from snow towards rain leads to a decrease in streamflow[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2014, 4(7):583-586.
[7] 罗勇. 青藏高原冬春季雪盖对东亚夏季大气环流影响的研究[J]. 高原气象, 1995, 14(04):122-129.LUO Yong. Studies on the effect of snow cover over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in winter and spring on general circulation over East Asia in summer[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 1995, 14(04):122-129. (in Chinese)
[8] 杨成芳, 李泽椿, 李静, 等. 山东半岛一次持续性强冷流降雪过程的成因分析[J]. 高原气象, 2008, 27(02):442-451.YANG Chengfang, LI Zechun, LI Jing, et al. A diagnostic analyses on peculiar persistent cold airflow snowstorm process in Shandong Peninsula[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2008, 27(02):442-451. (in Chinese)
[9] 王东海, 柳崇健, 刘英, 等. 2008年1月中国南方低温雨雪冰冻天气特征及其天气动力学成因的初步分析[J]. 气象学报, 2008, 66(03):405-422.WANG Donghai, LIU Chongjian, LIU Ying, et al. A preliminary analysis of features and causes of the snow storm event over the Southern China in January of 2008[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2008, 66(03):405-422. (in Chinese)
[10] 许爱华, 乔林, 詹丰兴, 等. 2005年3月一次寒潮天气过程的诊断分析[J]. 气象, 2006, 32(03):49-55. XU Aihua, QIAO Lin, ZHAN Fengxing, et al. Diagnosis of a cold wave weather event in March 2005[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2006, 32(03):49-55. (in Chinese)
[11] 王文, 程麟生. "96.1"高原暴雪过程湿对称不稳定的数值研究[J]. 高原气象, 2000, 19(02):129-140.WANG Wen, CHENG Linsheng. Numerical study of conditional symmetric instability of "96.1"snowstorm[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2000, 19(02):129-140. (in Chinese)
[12] 韩春坛, 陈仁升, 刘俊峰, 等. 固液态降水分离方法探讨[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(02):249-256.HAN Chuntan, CHEN Rensheng, LIU Junfeng, et al. A discussion of separating solid and liquid precipitations[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(02):249-256. (in Chinese)
[13] 孙秀忠, 罗勇, 张霞, 等. 近46年来我国降雪变化特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2010, 29(06):1594-1601.SUN Xiuzhong, LUO Yong, ZHANG Xia, et al. Analysis on snowfall change characteristic of China in recent 46 years[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2010, 29(6):1594-1601. (in Chinese)
[14] 刘玉莲, 任国玉, 于宏敏. 中国降雪气候学特征[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(10):1176-1185.LIU Yulian, REN Guoyu, YU Hongmin. Climatology of snow in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(10):1176-1185. (in Chinese)
[15] ZHANG Xiaoying, CONG Zhentao. Trends of precipitation intensity and frequency in hydrological regions of China from 1956 to 2005[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2014, 117:40-51.
[16] DING Baohong, YANG Kun, QIN Jun, et al. The dependence of precipitation types on surface elevation and meteorological conditions and its parameterization[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 513:154-163.
[17] 章诞武, 丛振涛, 倪广恒. 基于中国气象资料的趋势检验方法对比分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2013, 24(04):490-496.ZHANG Danwu, CONG Zhentao, NI Guangheng. Comparison of three Mann-Kendall methods based on the China's meteorological data[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2013, 24(04):490-496. (in Chinese)
[18] HU Zengzhen, YANG Song, WU Renguang. Long-term climate variations in China and global warming signals[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2003, 108(D19).
[19] 韦志刚, 黄荣辉, 陈文, 等. 青藏高原地面站积雪的空间分布和年代际变化特征[J]. 大气科学, 2002, 26(04):496-508. WEI Zhigang, HUANG Ronghui, CHEN Wen, et al. Spatial distributions and interdecadal variations of the snow at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau weather stations[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2002, 26(04):496-508. (in Chinese)
[20] QIN Dahe, LIU Shiyin, LI Peiji. Snow cover distribution, variability, and response to climate change in western China[J]. Journal of Climate, 2006, 19(9):1820-1833.
[21] 刘华强, 孙照渤, 朱伟军. 青藏高原积雪与亚洲季风环流年代际变化的关系[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2003, 26(06):733-739.LIU Huaqiang, SUN Zhaobo, ZHU Weijun. Interdecadal relation between snow cover over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Asian monsoon circulation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2003, 26(06):733-739. (in Chinese)
[22] 张建云, 章四龙, 王金星, 等. 近50年来中国六大流域年际径流变化趋势研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2007, 18(02):230-234. ZHANG Jianyun, ZHANG Silong, WANG Jinxing, et al.Study on runoff trends of the six larger basins in China over the past 50 years[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2007, 18(02):230-234. (in Chinese)
[23] 胡豪然, 梁玲. 近50年青藏高原东部降雪的时空演变[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(07):1002-1012.HU Haoran, LIANG Ling. Temporal and spatial variations of snowfall in the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the last 50 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(07):1002-1012. (in Chinese)
[1] 王远见, 傅旭东, 王光谦. 黄河流域降雨时空分布特征[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 58(11): 972-978.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
版权所有 © 《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》编辑部
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发 技术支持:support@magtech.com.cn