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清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2017, Vol. 57 Issue (12): 1287-1295    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2017.21.033
  汽车工程 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
基于超声波传感器阵列的车辆周围目标物识别
辛喆1, 邹若冰1, 李升波2, 俞佳莹2, 戴一凡2, 陈海亮1
1. 中国农业大学 工学院, 北京 100083;
2. 清华大学 汽车工程系, 北京 100084
Target recognition around a vehicle based on an ultrasonic sensor array
XIN Zhe1, ZOU Ruobing1, LI Shengbo2, YU Jiaying2, DAI Yifan2, CHEN Hailiang1
1. College of Engineer, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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摘要 为了对车辆环境信息进行探测与识别,提高道路交通安全,该文研究了利用超声波传感器阵列识别车辆环境目标类型的方法:以分类器为核心,搭载目标物区分算法,实现对目标物的实时探测与区分。首先根据车辆周围环境信息提取了具有一定形状特征的典型目标物,分别为平板、圆柱和角形3种类型,以支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)为分类器建立分类模型,根据目标物形状不同构造与优选分类特征指标集;依托分类结果建立目标物的类型区分算法,得到每一时刻各类目标物的概率值。仿真结果表明:分类模型的分类准确率达到91.5%;同时该方法对各种类型的目标物进行区分时,均达到较好的识别效果。在实际道路试验中,采集了汽车、行人和自行车3类目标物,采用该方法达到了良好的识别效果,具有可行性。
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辛喆
邹若冰
李升波
俞佳莹
戴一凡
陈海亮
关键词 驾驶辅助超声波传感器阵列目标识别支持向量机    
Abstract:Road traffic safety can be improved by detection and recognition of vehicle environment information. This paper describes a method for recognizing the environment target type by an ultrasonic sensor array. A high performance classifier is used in an object type discrimination algorithm for real-time target detection and identification. Three general shapes are identified as planes, cylinders and triangles by a support vector machine (SVM) classification model. The target shape is then extended to more specific features. The classification algorithm also gives the probability of each object at that moment. Simulations show that the classification models are 91.5% accurate which demonstrates that the object type discrimination algorithm can recognize environmental objects near the vehicle. In road test, the experimental platform collected data on road objects, such as vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists with good recognition accuracy.
Key wordsdriver assistance    ultrasonic sensor array    object recognition    support vector machine
收稿日期: 2016-12-22      出版日期: 2017-12-15
ZTFLH:  U461.91  
引用本文:   
辛喆, 邹若冰, 李升波, 俞佳莹, 戴一凡, 陈海亮. 基于超声波传感器阵列的车辆周围目标物识别[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 57(12): 1287-1295.
XIN Zhe, ZOU Ruobing, LI Shengbo, YU Jiaying, DAI Yifan, CHEN Hailiang. Target recognition around a vehicle based on an ultrasonic sensor array. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2017, 57(12): 1287-1295.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2017.21.033  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2017/V57/I12/1287
  图1 超声波传感器的结构
  图2 识别目标物的方案
  表1 基于形状的车辆周围典型目标物
  图3 MAT LAB仿真平台
  图4 超声波传感器阵列
  表2 目标物参数设计
  图5 仿真系统设计图
  表3 数据采集
  表4 特征指标集
  图6 特征指标集优选结果
  图7 典型目标物识别效果
  表5 目标物在距离变量下的f( t)
  表6 目标物在尺寸变量下的f( t)
  表7 目标物在旋转角度变量下的f( t)
  表8 各类目标物在传感器不同移动速度下的f ( t)
  图8 超声波传感器试验平台
  图9 试验数据示例
  图10 道路目标物识别效果
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