Effect of errors in predicting the water hammer types and pressures in a simple pipeline
ZHANG Ming1, ZHENG Shuangling1, MA Jiming1, QI Wenbiao2
1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Jilin Province Water Resource and Hydropower Consultative Company, Changchun 130021, China
Abstract：The analysis of water hammer in a simple pipeline is a fundamental problem in hydropower station designs. The type and evaluation of maximum water hammer in simple pipeline during the uniform closure or opening of a hydraulic turbine is studied. In particular, the type prediction is rectified for negative water hammer. The accurate simplified models for the prediction of positive and negative indirect water hammers are proposed to replace curves in the indirect water hammer domains with straight lines. With these models, possible errors due to inaccurate predictions of the water hammer in the simplified water hammer evaluation model currently adopted in the hydroelectric engineering are illustrated comparatively. A method is given for directly determining the maximum indirect water hammer pressure, no longer needing the prior prediction of first-phase or end-phase water hammer. In addition, formulas are given for the indirect water hammer without solving all the equations. The validity and applicability of the water hammer prediction and evaluation, including the method and formulas for indirect water hammer, are verified by examples.
张明, 郑双凌, 马吉明, 齐文彪. 简单管路中水击的类型偏误分析及解析计算[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2017.26.052.
ZHANG Ming, ZHENG Shuangling, MA Jiming, QI Wenbiao. Effect of errors in predicting the water hammer types and pressures in a simple pipeline. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2017, 57(9): 986-992.
王仁坤, 张春生. 水工设计手册:第8卷水电站建筑物[M]. 2版. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2013.WANG Renkun, ZHANG Chunsheng. Hydraulic Design Handbook:Volume 8 Hydropower Station Buildings[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:China Water & Power Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[2]
DL5077-1997. 水工建筑物荷载设计规范[S]. 北京:中华人民共和国电力工业部, 1998.DL5077-1997. Specifications for Load Design of Hydraulic Structures[S]. Beijing:Electric Power Industry Ministry of the People's Republic of China, 1998. (in Chinese)
[3]
Zhang Y L, Miao M F, Ma J M. Analytical study on water hammer pressure in pressurized conduits with a throttled surge chamber for slow closure[J]. Water Science and Engineering, 2010, 3(2):174-189.
[4]
Mansuri B, Salmasi F, Oghati B. Sensitivity analysis for water hammer problem in pipelines[J]. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 2014, 5(2):124-131.
[5]
Emadi J, Solemani A. Maximum water hammer sensitivity analysis[J]. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2011, 5(1):17-20.
[6]
Choon T W, Aik L K, Aik L E, et al. Investigation of water hammer effect through pipeline system[J]. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 2012, 2(3):48-53.
[7]
Ghidaoui M S, Zhao M, McInnis D A, et al. A review of water hammer theory and practice[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2005, 58(1):49-76.
[8]
Yang J D, Wu R Q. On the basic equations of water hammer[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 1996, 8(2):62-71.
[9]
杨玲霞, 李树慧, 侯咏梅, 等. 水击基本方程的改进[J]. 水利学报, 2007, 38(8):948-952.YANG Lingxia, LI Shuhui, HOU Yongmei, et al. Improvement of fundamental equation of water hammer[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007, 38(8):948-952. (in Chinese)
[10]
李树慧. 水击方程的完善与计算研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2006.LI Shuhui. Study on the Improvement and Calculation of Water Hammer Equation[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University, 2006. (in Chinese)
[11]
董晨钟. 水击基本理论研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2014.DONG Chenzhong. Study on the Basic Theory of Water Hammer[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[12]
黄李冰. 水击计算方法和水击理论研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2012.HUANG Libing. Study on the Method for Calculation and the Theory of Water Hammer[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[13]
Wang C, Yang J D. Water hammer simulation using explicit-implicit coupling methods[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 141(4):04014086.
[14]
Zhou Z X, Keat T S. Theoretical, numerical and experimental study of water hammer in pipe system with column surge chamber[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2003, 15(5):20-28.
[15]
邓东明. 压力管道最大压力计算控制条件的探讨[J]. 云南水力发电, 2006, 22(3):27-28.DENG Dongming. Discussion on the control conditions for calculation of maximum pressure in penstock[J]. Yunnan Water Power, 2006, 22(3):27-28. (in Chinese)
[16]
克利夫琴科·Г И. 水力发电厂的水锤及水轮机合理调节程序[M]. 张昌龄, 译. 北京:电力工业出版社, 1956.Кривценко Г И. Water Hammer in Hydropower Plant and the Reasonable Adjustment Procedure of Turbine[M]. ZHANG Changling, trans. Beijing:China Electric Power Press, 1956. (in Chinese)
[17]
莫斯特柯夫·M A, 巴什基洛夫·A A. 水锤计算[M]. 王世泽, 译. 北京:燃料工业出版社, 1955.Мостков М А, Башкиров А А. Calculation of Water Hammer[M]. Wang Shize, trans. Beijing:Fuel Industry Press, 1955. (in Chinese)
[18]
Berlin V V, Murav'ev O A. Governing the turbine-generator unit of a small-scale hydropower plant with a long penstock[J]. Power Technology and Engineering, 2015, 49(4):240-244.
