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清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2019, Vol. 59 Issue (6): 461-467    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2019.25.005
  计算机科学与技术 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
融入自注意力机制的社交媒体命名实体识别
李明扬, 孔芳
苏州大学 计算机科学与技术学院, 苏州 215006
Combined self-attention mechanism for named entity recognition in social media
LI Mingyang, KONG Fang
School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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摘要 相比规范新闻文本中命名实体识别(named entity recognition,NER),中文社交媒体中命名实体识别的性能偏低,这主要受限于文本的规范性和标注语料的规模。近年来中文社交媒体的命名实体识别研究主要针对标注语料规模小这一问题,倾向于使用外部知识或者借助联合训练来提升最终的识别性能,但对社交媒体文本不规范导致的对文本自身蕴含特征的挖掘不够这一问题的研究很少。该文着眼于文本自身,提出了一种结合双向长短时记忆和自注意力机制的命名实体识别方法。该方法通过在多个不同子空间捕获上下文相关信息来更好地理解和表示句子结构,充分挖掘文本自身蕴含的特征,并最终提升不规范文本的实体识别性能。在Weibo NER公开语料上进行了多组对比实验,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。结果表明:在不使用外部资源和联合训练的情况下,命名实体识别的F1值达到了58.76%。
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李明扬
孔芳
关键词 命名实体识别中文社交媒体自注意力机制    
Abstract:Named entity recognition (NER) in Chinese social media is less effective than in standard news mainly due to the normalization and the size of the existing annotated corpus. In recent years, research on named entity recognition in Chinese social media has tended to use external knowledge and joint training to improve performance due to the small size of the annotated corpus. However, there are few studies on mining entity recognition characteristics in social media. This article focuses on named entity recognition in text articles using a neural network model that combines bi-directional long short-term memory with a self-attention mechanism. This model extracts context information from different dimensions to better understand and represent the sentence structure and improve the recognition performance. Tests on the Weibo NER released corpus show that this method is more effective than previous approaches and that this method has a 58.76% F1-score without using external knowledge or joint learning.
Key wordsnamed entity recognition (NER)    Chinese social media    self-attention mechanism
收稿日期: 2018-10-15      出版日期: 2019-06-01
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(61472264,61876118);人工智能应急项目(61751206);国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFB1002101)
通讯作者: 孔芳,教授,E-mail:kongfang@suda.edu.cn     E-mail: kongfang@suda.edu.cn
引用本文:   
李明扬, 孔芳. 融入自注意力机制的社交媒体命名实体识别[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 59(6): 461-467.
LI Mingyang, KONG Fang. Combined self-attention mechanism for named entity recognition in social media. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2019, 59(6): 461-467.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2019.25.005  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2019/V59/I6/461
  图1 LSTMGSelf_AttGCRF模型
  图2 LSTM 单元结构
  图3 放缩点积注意力机制
  图4 多头注意力机制
  表1 WeiboNER数据集结构
  表2 WeiboNER 语料分布
  表3 模型实验设置对比
  表4 中文社交媒体命名实体识别实验结果
  表5 NE识别详细实验对比结果
  表6 NM 识别详细实验对比结果
  表7 NE识别详细实验对比结果
  表8 NM 识别详细实验对比结果
  表9 3种识别情况分布
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