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清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2020, Vol. 60 Issue (11): 951-957    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.25.030
  水利水电工程 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
青藏高原典型流域河网特性及控制因素
李敏慧, 陈毅, 吴保生
清华大学 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
Analysis of features and factors controlling typical drainage networks in the Tibetan Plateau
LI Minhui, CHEN Yi, WU Baosheng
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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摘要 青藏高原地区由于地质构造运动活跃、高原气候独特,导致河网水系具有一定的空间差异性与发育程度多样的特点。该文以洮河、雅砻江和拉萨河3个典型流域为代表,对青藏高原的河网水系特性及控制因素进行了研究。基于90 m分辨率的SRTM DEM数据,利用DEMRiver程序提取了青藏高原3个子流域的河网与干流纵剖面。计算得到雅砻江、洮河和拉萨河流域分支比分别为4.46、5.00和4.37,河长比分别为2.35、2.71和2.30;洮河和拉萨河的纵剖面凹度值分别为-0.129和-0.082,呈下凹形态,雅砻江的纵剖面凹度值为0.009,呈上凸形态。对比原始定义和斜率法得到的Horton比,结合流域气候条件和构造活动,分析了不同级别河流特性的控制因素。结果表明,气候作用在青藏高原河网低级别河流的平面结构及纵剖面形态中得到了较好地体现;而雅砻江流域构造运动强烈,区域河网被破坏,河网试图通过河流袭夺以恢复平衡状态,构造运动控制着该区域高级别河网的平面结构及纵剖面的演变。
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李敏慧
陈毅
吴保生
关键词 青藏高原河网特性河流纵剖面控制因素构造运动    
Abstract:The active tectonic movements and the unique climate on the Tibetan Plateau cause significant spatial differences in the drainage network on the Plateau. The drainage network and the longitudinal profiles of the main streams of three river basins were extracted from 90 m resolution SRTM DEM using DEMRiver to study the factors controlling the drainage network in the Tibetan Plateau. The Yalong River had a bifurcation ratio of 4.46 and a length ratio of 2.35, the Tao River had a bifurcation ratio of 5.00 and a length ratio of 2.71 and the Lasa River had a bifurcation ratio of 4.37 and a length ratio of 2.30. The normalized concavity index for the Tao River was -0.129, that for the Lasa River was -0.082 and that for the Yalong River was 0.009, indicating that the profiles of the first two rivers are concave-up while that of the Yalong River is convex-up. The Horton ratio obtained using the original definition and the fitting method and the climatic conditions and tectonic activities in the basin show that the climate effect is well reflected in the structure of the low-level river network. Strong tectonic movement destroyed the network of the Yalong River Basin with the network now maintaining balance through river capture, indicating that the tectonic movement controls the structure of the high-level river network.
Key wordsTibetan Plateau    features of drainage network    river profile    controlling factors    tectonic activity
收稿日期: 2019-12-05      出版日期: 2020-08-31
基金资助:吴保生,教授,E-mail:baosheng@tsinghua.edu.cn
引用本文:   
李敏慧, 陈毅, 吴保生. 青藏高原典型流域河网特性及控制因素[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 60(11): 951-957.
LI Minhui, CHEN Yi, WU Baosheng. Analysis of features and factors controlling typical drainage networks in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2020, 60(11): 951-957.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.25.030  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2020/V60/I11/951
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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