Abstract：Residents need to be quickly evacuated from buildings after earthquakes. However, shelters need to be built in advance and community evacuation schemes need to be developed to provide effective emergency response after an earthquake. This paper presents a community evacuation scheme design method using multi-objective programming and agent simulations. The optimal evacuation schemes are developed based on the accessibility of rescue agencies, traffic conditions, shelter capacity and other factors based on various numbers of earthquake shelters using multi-objective programming with the evacuation behavior simulated using the Pathfinder software. The results show that the particle swarm optimization algorithm has good convergence for the multi-objective programming problem of location selection and allocation of earthquake shelters, and is suitable for quick modeling and calculation. The evacuation scheme of designated earthquake shelters is instructive, which can greatly alleviate the "overload" phenomenon of free evacuation scheme and ensure that all personnel can arrive at the shelters as soon as possible.
[1] BERNARDINI G, LOVREGLIO R, QUAGLIARINI E. Proposing behavior-oriented strategies for earthquake emergency evacuation:A behavioral data analysis from New Zealand, Italy and Japan[J]. Safety Science, 2019, 116:295-309. [2] BASHAWRI A, GARRITY S, MOODLEY K. An overview of the design of disaster relief shelters[J]. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2014, 18:924-931. [3] 黄典剑, 吴宗之, 蔡嗣经, 等. 城市应急避难所的应急适应能力:基于层次分析法的评价方法[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2006, 15(1):52-58. HUANG D J, WU Z Z, CAI S J, et al. Emergency adaption of urban emergency shelter:Analytic hierarchy process-based assessment method[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2006, 15(1):52-58. (in Chinese) [4] KILCI F, KARA B Y, BOZKAYA B. Locating temporary shelter areas after an earthquake:A case for Turkey[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015, 243(1):323-332. [5] 李刚, 马东辉, 苏经宇. 基于加权Voronoi图的城市地震应急避难场所责任区的划分[J]. 建筑科学, 2006, 22(3):55-59. LI G, MA D H, SU J Y. Weighted Voronoi diagrams for responsibility space regionalization of urban earthquake emergency shelters[J]. Building Science, 2006, 22(3):55-59. (in Chinese) [6] XU J H, YIN X Z, CHEN D C, et al. Multi-criteria location model of earthquake evacuation shelters to aid in urban planning[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016, 20:51-62. [7] 吴健宏, 翁文国. 应急避难场所的选址决策支持系统[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 51(5):632-636. WU J H, WENG W G. Decision support system for urban shelter locations[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2011, 51(5):632-636. (in Chinese) [8] 张亚楠, 高惠瑛. 基于ArcGIS的多准则地震应急避难所选址规划研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2019, 14(2):376-386. ZHANG Y N, GAO H Y. Planning multi-criteria seismic emergency shelter site based on ArcGIS[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2019, 14(2):376-386. (in Chinese) [9] 李建光, 赵寒青. 考虑不确定需求的应急避难场所选址研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2019, 41(6):555-559, 591. LI J G, ZHAO H Q. Research on locations of emergency shelters considering uncertain demands[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information & Management Engineering), 2019, 41(6):555-559, 591. (in Chinese) [10] 初建宇, 马丹祥, 苏幼坡. 基于理想点的已知部分属性权重信息中心避难场所选址方法研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2012, 21(4):30-32. CHU J Y, MA D X, SU Y P. Site selection of central emergency shelter based on weights of known properties of ideal point[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2012, 21(4):30-32. (in Chinese) [11] 马丹祥, 初建宇, 王政, 等. 基于多目标规划的防灾避难场所选址模型研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2015, 24(2):1-7. MA D X, CHU J Y, WANG Z, et al. Study on location model of disaster emergency shelter based on multi-objective programming[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2015, 24(2):1-7. (in Chinese) [12] 陈志宗, 尤建新. 城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题建模[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2005, 14(2):131-135. CHEN Z Z, YOU J X. A modeling approach to hierarchical location problem of urban disaster prevention and mitigation facilities[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2005, 14(2):131-135. (in Chinese) [13] 於家, 温家洪, 陈芸, 等. 基于应急疏散智能体模型模拟的城市避难所空间配置:以上海市静安区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(8):1458-1475. YU J, WEN J H, CHEN Y, et al. Spatial configuration of urban shelters based on simulation using emergency evacuation agent-based model:A case study in Jing'an District, Shanghai[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(8):1458-1475. (in Chinese) [14] 陈刚, 付江月, 何美玲. 考虑居民选择行为的应急避难场所选址问题研究[J]. 运筹与管理, 2019, 28(9):6-14. CHEN G, FU J Y, HE M L. Emergency shelter location problem considering residents' choice behavior[J] Operations Research and Management Science, 2019, 28(9):6-14. (in Chinese) [15] HLATKÁ M, KAMPF R, KRILE S, et al. Streamlining the logistics evacuation process using the specific simulation software[J]. Transportation Research Procedia, 2020, 44:369-377. [16] LOVREGLIO R, RONCHI E, MARAGKOS G, et al. A dynamic approach for the impact of a toxic gas dispersion hazard considering human behaviour and dispersion modelling[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 318:758-771. [17] WANG J Y, YU X Y, ZONG R W. A dynamic approach for evaluating the consequences of toxic gas dispersion in the chemical plants using CFD and evacuation modelling[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2020, 65:104156. [18] RENDON R K, ARELLANA J, SANTANDER-MERCADO A, et al. Modelling building emergency evacuation plans considering the dynamic behaviour of pedestrians using agent-based simulation[J]. Safety Science, 2019, 113:276-284.
2021, Vol. 61 
