Regulating effect of check dams on erosion dynamics and sediment transport during flooding
ZENG Xin1, SUN Kai1, WANG Chenfeng1, AN Chenge1, LEI Huimin1, LI Peng2, FU Xudong1
1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
Abstract：The regulating effect of check dams on the sediment transport in a watershed is important for improving soil and water conservation and watershed management of the Loess Plateau. The effect of a single check dam during flooding is studied here using a one-dimensional non-equilibrium sediment transport model for the Chabagou watershed of the Loess Plateau. The results show a power function relationship between the runoff erosion rate and the sediment transport modulus for cases with and without a check dam, but the relationship with no check dam cannot be extended to cases with a check dam due to the regulating effect of the check dam. The regulating effect of the check dam varies with the flood recurrence frequency and the siltation stage. Furthermore, there is a threshold siltation rate above which the check dam does not trap sediment during flooding. The threshold siltation rate changes from 88.3% to 93.6% for a catastrophic flood to a regular flood. This study shows that the widely used empirical constant threshold siltation rate is only applicable to small floods.
曾鑫, 孙凯, 王晨沣, 安晨歌, 雷慧闽, 李鹏, 傅旭东. 淤地坝对次洪事件侵蚀动力及输沙的调控作用[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 62(12): 1896-1905.
ZENG Xin, SUN Kai, WANG Chenfeng, AN Chenge, LEI Huimin, LI Peng, FU Xudong. Regulating effect of check dams on erosion dynamics and sediment transport during flooding. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2022, 62(12): 1896-1905.
[1] ZENG M L, ZHU X Y, KANG L L, et al. Effects of sediment reduction and erosion control and development prospects of warping dam in water and soil loss areas[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1999, 6(2): 126-133. (in Chinese) 曾茂林, 朱小勇, 康玲玲, 等. 水土流失区淤地坝的拦泥减蚀作用及发展前景[J]. 水土保持研究, 1999, 6(2): 126-133. [2] LU K X, LI Z B, JU H. Application of runoff erosion power in the calculation of soil erosion and sediment yield on hillslopes[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 2009, 20(4): 70-73. (in Chinese) 鲁克新, 李占斌, 鞠花. 径流侵蚀功率理论在不同尺度坡面侵蚀产沙中的应用[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2009, 20(4): 70-73. [3] ZHANG L T, LI Z B, WANG H, et al. Spatial scale effects on sediment delivery within runoff erosion chains in basin system[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(13): 87-94. (in Chinese) 张乐涛, 李占斌, 王贺, 等. 流域系统径流侵蚀链内泥沙输移的空间尺度效应[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(13): 87-94. [4] SUN Q, LI Z B, YU K X, et al. Parameters of sediment transport model for individual rainstorm in the loess hilly and gully region under changing environment[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(6): 1-9. (in Chinese) 孙倩, 李占斌, 于坤霞, 等. 变化环境下黄土丘陵沟壑区次暴雨输沙模型参数[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2016, 14(6): 1-9. [5] YUAN S L, LI Z B, LI P, et al. Effect of different check dam type combined scenarios on the erosion dynamics and sediment transport in small watershed based on the MIKE model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 33(4): 30-36. (in Chinese) 袁水龙, 李占斌, 李鹏, 等. 基于MIKE模型的不同淤地坝型组合情景对小流域侵蚀动力和输沙量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4): 30-36. [6] GAO H D, LI Z B, LI P, et al. Influences of terrace construction and check dam silting-up on soil erosion[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(5): 599-608. (in Chinese) 高海东, 李占斌, 李鹏, 等. 梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对土壤侵蚀影响的定量分析[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 599-608. [7] YUAN S L. Study on the regulating effect and simulation of check dam system on the dynamic process of water and sediment in basin[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese) 袁水龙. 淤地坝系对流域水沙动力过程调控作用与模拟研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2017. [8] DUAN J X. Simulation study on influence of sedimentation process of check dam on hydrodynamic process[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese) 段金晓. 淤地坝不同淤积程度对水动力过程影响模拟研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2019. [9] RAN D C, ZUO Z G, SHANGGUAN Z P. Effect of check dam on retaining and reducing coarse grain sediment in middle reaches of Yellow River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(4): 443-450. (in Chinese) 冉大川, 左仲国, 上官周平. 黄河中游多沙粗沙区淤地坝拦减粗泥沙分析[J]. 水利学报, 2006, 37(4): 443-450. [10] XU J X, SUN J. Study of temporal variation of check dam construction in Wudinghe River Basin and some suggestion for some countermeasure[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(2): 26-30. (in Chinese) 许炯心, 孙季. 无定河淤地坝拦沙措施时间变化的分析与对策[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(2): 26-30. [11] GAO Y F, GUO Y T, LIU X Y, et al. Failure criteria of the warping dams on sediment interception in the Middle Yellow River in northern Shaanxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(1): 73-79. (in Chinese) 高云飞, 郭玉涛, 刘晓燕, 等. 陕北黄河中游淤地坝拦沙功能失效的判断标准[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 73-79. [12] RAN Q H, TANG H L, WANG F, et al. Numerical modelling shows an old check-dam still attenuates flooding and sediment transport[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2021, 46(8): 1549-1567. [13] YUAN S L, LI Z B, CHEN L, et al. Influence of check dams on flood hydrology across varying stages of their lifespan in a highly erodible catchment, Loess Plateau of China[J]. Catena, 2022, 210: 105864. [14] ZHOU L W, LEI T W, WU Y. Event-based dimensionless models for runoff of Chabagou watersheds[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(11): 54-60. (in Chinese) 周玲微, 雷廷武, 武阳. 岔巴沟流域次暴雨产流无量纲模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(11): 54-60. [15] CUI L Z, LI Z B, GUO Y B, et al. Fractal-information- dimension-based relationship between sediment yield and topographic feature of watershed[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(2): 197-203. (in Chinese) 崔灵周, 李占斌, 郭彦彪, 等. 基于分形信息维数的流域地貌形态与侵蚀产沙关系[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(2): 197-203. [16] Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Technical code of key dam for soil and water conservation: SL 289—2003[S]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2004. (in Chinese) 中华人民共和国水利部. 水土保持治沟骨干工程技术规范: SL 289—2003[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2004. [17] LUO W S, SONG X Y. Engineering hydrology and hydraulic calculation[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2010. (in Chinese) 雒文生, 宋星原. 工程水文及水利计算[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2010. [18] CHEN X A, CAI Q G, ZHENG M G, et al. Empirical soil erosion model for single rainstorm in Chabagou drainage basin[J]. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(3): 325-329. (in Chinese) 陈晓安, 蔡强国, 郑明国, 等. 岔巴沟流域次暴雨坡面土壤侵蚀经验模型[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(3): 325-329. [19] XU Z X, REN H Y, DING W F, et al. Numerical simulation of flood inundation at confluence zone in Sanchuankou of Chabagou[C]//Proceedings of the 30th National Conference on Hydrodynamics & the 15th National Congress on Hydrodynamics (Volume II). Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2019: 1304-1309. (in Chinese) 许泽星, 任洪玉, 丁文峰, 等. 岔巴沟三川口交汇河段洪水淹没致灾数值模拟[C]//第30届全国水动力学研讨会暨第15届全国水动力学学术会议论文集(下册). 北京: 海洋出版社, 2019: 1304-1309. [20] XIE J H. River simulation[M]. Beijing: Water Resources and Electric Power Press, 1990. (in Chinese) 谢鉴衡. 河流模拟[M]. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1990. [21] DIETRICH W E. Settling velocity of natural particles[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18(6): 1615-1626. [22] TANG H L. Analysis of runoff/sediment reduction efficiency of check-dam in its lifespan[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2019. (in Chinese) 唐鸿磊. 淤地坝全寿命周期内的流域水沙阻控效率分析[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2019. [23] FEI X J, SHAO X J. Sediment transport capacity of gullies in small watersheds[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2004(1): 1-8. (in Chinese) 费祥俊, 邵学军. 泥沙源区沟道输沙能力的计算方法[J]. 泥沙研究, 2004(1): 1-8. [24] WEI W L, LI P P, BAI Z W, et al. Numerical simulation of discharge law for a trapezoid thin-walled weir[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2016, 33(4): 659-664, 740. (in Chinese) 魏文礼, 李盼盼, 白朝伟, 等. 梯形薄壁堰流量规律数值模拟研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2016, 33(4): 659-664, 740. [25] DENG H F, HUI Y. Analysis of calculation formula for flow rate of different kinds of weirs[J]. Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 28(6): 644-648. (in Chinese) 邓洪福, 惠源. 不同堰型流量计算公式的初步分析[J]. 重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 28(6): 644-648. [26] Municipal Engineering Bureau of Beijing. Standards for municipal wastewater discharge measurement: Triangular notch thin-plate weir: CJ/T 3008.1—1993[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1993. (in Chinese) 北京市市政工程局. 城市排水流量堰槽测量标准三角形薄壁堰: CJ/T 3008.1—1993[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1993. [27] TU Q H, YANG L F. Sediment design manual[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2006. (in Chinese) 涂启华, 杨赉斐. 泥沙设计手册[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2006. [28] XU X Z. A laboratory study on sediment-storage effect of check-dam systems in the small watershed of Loess Plateau, China[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2005. (in Chinese) 徐向舟. 黄土高原沟道坝系拦沙效应模型试验研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2005. [29] XU W C, MA J S, YANG X. Three classification methods of flood grade[J]. Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China, 2003, 21(12): 20-22, 33. (in Chinese) 许武成, 马劲松, 杨霞. 洪水等级的三种划分方法[J]. 东北水利水电, 2003, 21(12): 20-22, 33.
2022, Vol. 62 
