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清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2022, Vol. 62 Issue (6): 1102-1109    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.032
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基于GIS位置分配的城市应急避难场所责任区划分
吕伟, 李承旭, 马亚萍
武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院, 武汉 430070
Division of responsibility areas for urban emergency shelters based on a GIS location-allocation analysis
L�Wei, LI Chengxu, MA Yaping
School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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摘要 城市应急避难场所责任区划分对提高灾民疏散效率和保障灾民生命安全具有重要意义。该文综合考虑路网可达性、避难场所建设成本和承载容量等多因素,耦合地理信息系统(GIS)位置分配中的最小化设施点模型和最大化有容量限制的覆盖范围模型,构建城市应急避难场所选址和责任区划分方案,并以昆明市中心区域为例进行实证分析与模型验证。结果表明:研究区域的应急避难场所数量存在最优值,根据政府建设成本最小及避难需求分配区域利用率最高,确立了研究区域最佳应急避难场所为9个;政府需要对篆塘公园进行容量扩建,并将五华广场和胜利广场一同启用,才能使整个研究区域的避难服务效果达到最佳;其对应的避难场所责任区可划定为8个。该研究结果可对城市突发事件应急决策和救援提供支持。
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吕伟
李承旭
马亚萍
关键词 应急避难场所责任区地理信息系统(GIS)位置分配    
Abstract:The locations of urban emergency shelters are important for improving the evacuation efficiency and safety of the local population. This paper considered various factors such as the road network accessibility, shelter construction costs, and carrying population capacity on the emergency shelter utilization with the shelter locations determined based on the minimization facility model and the maximization coverage model with capacity constraints in a geographic information system (GIS) location-allocation model. The model was used to divide up the central area of Kunming as an example for empirical analyses. The results give an optimal number of 9 emergency shelters in the study area based on the minimum construction cost and the highest utilization rate of the emergency shelters. The results also show that the government needs to expand the capacity of Zhuantang Park and open both Wuhua Square and Victory Square as emergency shelters to create the best evacuation service for this study area. The total evacuation responsibility area can then be divided into 8 regions. These results provide support for emergency decision-making and rescue programs during urban emergencies.
Key wordsemergency shelter    responsibility area    geographic information system (GIS)    location-allocation
收稿日期: 2022-02-11      出版日期: 2022-05-06
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072286)
通讯作者: 马亚萍,讲师,E-mail:mayp18@whut.edu.cn      E-mail: mayp18@whut.edu.cn
作者简介: 吕伟(1989-),男,副教授。
引用本文:   
吕伟, 李承旭, 马亚萍. 基于GIS位置分配的城市应急避难场所责任区划分[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 62(6): 1102-1109.
L�Wei, LI Chengxu, MA Yaping. Division of responsibility areas for urban emergency shelters based on a GIS location-allocation analysis. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2022, 62(6): 1102-1109.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.032  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2022/V62/I6/1102
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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