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清华大学学报(自然科学版)  2023, Vol. 63 Issue (2): 223-232    DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.050
  建设管理 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
基于文本挖掘的水利工程建设管理信息化专利分析
熊谦, 唐文哲
清华大学 水利水电工程系, 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
Text mining-based patent analysis on informatization for construction management of hydraulic engineering projects
XIONG Qian, TANG Wenzhe
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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摘要 结合中国水利领域信息化发展背景,该文以水利工程建设管理信息化专利为研究对象,提出一套基于文本挖掘的专利分析流程,对专利申请趋势、申请地域、申请人与国际专利分类号(IPC)等因素进行统计分析,运用文本挖掘方法进行专利主题聚类,并剖析各类专利的主题强度与演化特征。主要研究结果表明:中国水利工程建设管理信息化自2013年进入技术发展期,2019年以来专利申请数量快速增长;隐含Dirichlet分布(LDA)主题模型将该领域专利划分为9个技术主题,对应4个应用分类,其中“设备硬件”和“综合管理系统”类专利申请数量最多且持续增加,相关技术发展前景较好。“信息监测”类专利申请总体呈现增长趋势,但工程监测相关专利较少。“数据分析”类专利申请数量长期处于较低水平,反映出水利工程建设管理数据分析能力亟待提升。该研究结果揭示了中国水利工程建设管理信息化领域的技术布局、发展现状与应用前景。
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熊谦
唐文哲
关键词 水利工程建设管理信息化专利分析文本挖掘隐含Dirichlet分布技术布局    
Abstract:[Objective] With the rapid economic and technological development in China, information technologies, such as big data and cloud computing, are being employed for the construction management of hydraulic engineering projects. However, the unbalanced technological development and the disconnection between information technology and the actual construction process still exist. Thus, exploring the research and development in the technological field is crucial. Previous studies have examined the development status of specific information technology in hydraulic engineering informatization. However, research and development status were not systematically demonstrated using quantitative analysis. Patents are critical technological achievements for hydraulic engineering informatization, providing comprehensive technical information for technological exchange and innovation. This research aims to reveal the technology layout and prospects in hydraulic engineering informatization from the patent analysis perspective. [Method] This study proposes a text mining-based patent analysis method to examine the patents on hydraulic engineering informatization collected from the IncoPat global patent database. Initially, the patent application trend, application regions, applicants, and international patent classification (IPC) codes were explored through descriptive statistical analysis. Subsequently, a word frequency analysis was conducted on patents’ titles and technical efficacy, and word clouds were drawn to preliminarily observe their primary themes and functions. Furthermore, text mining was utilized for clustering patent topics. The topic intensity and evolution characteristics of different categories of patents were analyzed based on the clustering results. [Results] Results show that China has entered a period of technological development since 2013, and the number of patents has increased rapidly since 2019. The patent applicants are mainly in provinces where enterprises, universities, and research institutes are concentrated. Enterprises and individuals apply for 77.8% of the patents and emphasize the application value of technology, whereas universities and scientific research institutes contribute to 24.2% of the patents and place great importance on technological innovation. The IPC codes of these patents mainly include hydraulic engineering (E02B), data processing system or method (G06Q), electronic digital processing technology (G06F), and hydrological information monitoring (G01F), revealing interdisciplinary characteristics. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model divides the patents into nine technical topics corresponding to four application categories. Among these categories, the number of patents for “equipment and hardware” is the largest and rapidly increasing, indicating promising development prospects for related technologies. Next, the “comprehensive management system” serves as a crucial integrated application, with steadily improving research and development in recent years. In addition, patent applications for “information monitoring” show an increasing trend overall, but few aim to monitor the construction process, indicating that construction monitoring should be considered an important direction in future research. Moreover, the number of patents for “data analysis” has been low for a long time, reflecting the urgency to improve the data analysis ability of construction management in hydraulic engineering projects. [Conclusions] These findings systematically reveal the technology layout, development status, and application prospects of hydraulic engineering informatization in China, providing research method support and empirical reference for future technology development and patent application. This study also recommends improving the capability of construction monitoring for realizing the overall perception system, promoting the application of big data analysis in the construction management of hydraulic engineering projects, and encouraging industry-university-institute collaboration.
Key wordshydraulic engineering    construction management    informatization    patent analysis    text mining    latent Dirichlet allocation    technology layout
收稿日期: 2022-06-28      出版日期: 2023-01-14
基金资助:唐文哲,教授,E-mail:twz@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
引用本文:   
熊谦, 唐文哲. 基于文本挖掘的水利工程建设管理信息化专利分析[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 63(2): 223-232.
XIONG Qian, TANG Wenzhe. Text mining-based patent analysis on informatization for construction management of hydraulic engineering projects. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2023, 63(2): 223-232.
链接本文:  
http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.050  或          http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2023/V63/I2/223
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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