Progress in the wear behavior investigation of artificial joint combination interfaces
PENG Yeping1, KONG Deyu1, ZHUANG Rongrun1, WANG Song2, CAO Guangzhong1
1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Control and Intelligent Robots, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; 2. Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
摘要人工关节置换术是骨关节疾病治疗的重要手段,但关节假体的长期磨损损耗及磨屑诱导的假体周围骨溶解会造成人工关节无菌松动甚至早期失效。研究人工关节滑动与固定组合界面的磨损行为是探索磨屑形成机制的基础,也是探明人工关节松动失效机理、提升关节耐磨性的重要依据。该文利用Web of Science和中国国家知识网络数据库的资源,对人工关节磨损行为研究的相关文献进行综述。探讨人工关节在滑动界面和固定界面产生的磨损行为及主导磨损机理;分析假体结构、材料成分、润滑介质和磨屑等对人工关节磨损行为的影响机制,总结人工关节优化改进方案;详细阐述人工关节体外磨损试验研究的方法与技术;概述人工关节组合界面磨损表征参量的提取方法以及磨损智能检测的发展现状;总结人工关节磨损行为的研究热点,指出多信息融合和智能化监测的发展方向,以期为人工关节磨损行为的基础与试验研究提供参考。
Abstract：[Significance] Artificial joint replacement is an important technology for treating bone and joint disorders. However, the long-term wear loss of joint prosthesis and periprosthetic osteolysis induced by wear debris causes aseptic loosening, leading to early failure of the prosthesis. Investigating the wear behaviors of artificial joint combination interfaces, including sliding and immobile interfaces, forms the foundation for exploring the formation mechanism of wear debris, studying loosening and failure mechanisms, and improving the abrasion performance of artificial joints. Such an investigation represents a fundamental approach to elucidate the mechanisms behind wear debris formation, explore the factors contributing to loosening and failure, and enhance the abrasion resistance of artificial joints. The literatures on the wear behaviors of artificial joints has been meticulously reviewed and summarized using resources from the Web of Science and China’s national knowledge network databases. The primary aim of this study is to provide references for research on the wear behaviors of artificial joint combination interfaces. [Progress] Sliding and fretting wear of artificial joints were studied. Sliding wear was produced on the sliding interface between artificial joint prosthesis pairs, and a large amount of wear particles were generated, which were the main cause of prosthesis loosening and failure. Fretting wear occurred at the fixed interface between the prosthesis and bone, leading to the early loosening of artificial joints. Adhesive, abrasive, and fatigue wear were the three main wear mechanisms of artificial joints. The wear of artificial joints was caused by several factors, such as prosthesis structure, material, lubrication, wear debris, operation, and patient. Summarizing the factors influencing the wear behaviors of artificial joints revealed that the design of prosthesis structures and surface modification technologies will be crucial for optimizing and enhancing artificial joints. However, these influencing factors were interrelated; thus, the mechanisms affecting wear behaviors needed to be further discussed. To evaluate the friction and wear performance of artificial joints, researchers mainly used friction and wear experimental machines and joint simulators to obtain wear parameters through in vitro simulation tests. Some scholars had designed novel devices with special functions to implement complex and specific wear research. The sliding wear behaviors of artificial joints were commonly characterized by friction coefficient, abrasion loss, surface morphology, wear debris features, and material composition. By contrast, fretting wear was generally analyzed by the friction coefficient, dissipated energy, and fretting corrosion conditions. Based on the applications of computer vision and artificial intelligence technology, the automation and intelligence levels of wear monitoring had been considerably improved. [Conclusions and Prospects] Material modification technology is effective in improving the wear performance of artificial joints and is a hotspot in the research field. A novel design of wear devices can provide an in vitro simulation experimental platform for complex and specific wear behavior testing. Further, a comparative analysis of various wear parameters can also comprehensively describe wear behaviors. Moreover, the efficiency and accuracy of artificial joint simulation tests in vitro can be effectively improved using computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques. The friction coefficient, wear surface, wear debris, and material composition are important factors in the wear behaviors of artificial joints, and multiple information fusion is required to study these wear behaviors. The applications of computer vision and artificial intelligence technology provide more solutions for wear debris and mechanism analysis of artificial joints, which are the future directions of wear behavior investigation on artificial joint combination interfaces.
彭业萍, 孔德宇, 庄溶润, 王松, 曹广忠. 人工关节组合界面的磨损行为研究进展[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 64(3): 409-420.
PENG Yeping, KONG Deyu, ZHUANG Rongrun, WANG Song, CAO Guangzhong. Progress in the wear behavior investigation of artificial joint combination interfaces. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2024, 64(3): 409-420.
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2024, Vol. 64 
