摘要在近年来发生的几场局部战争中，地雷及简易爆炸物造成了大量人员伤亡。为了解车辆底部爆炸条件下车内乘员的损伤特点，构建了包含乘员、车体结构及爆炸流场的仿真模型，研究了车辆乘员身体主要部位损伤风险。利用LS-DYNA的流固耦合算法求解爆炸流场与车体结构的相互作用，分析了爆炸冲击的传递路径及乘员典型运动姿态。基于人体有限元模型，以6 kg及8 kg TNT 2个爆炸当量工况为研究对象，对车辆乘员头部、脊椎、骨盆及下肢等身体部位进行损伤风险评估。仿真结果表明：对于佩戴安全带的乘员，其足踝部及胫腓骨损伤的风险最高，其次为骨盆及胸腰椎。研究结果可为车辆防护设计提供参考，从而提高乘员安全性。
Abstract：Landmines and improvised explosive devices have caused many casualties in recent conflicts. A model including the occupant, the vehicle and the explosion flow field was developed to analyze occupant injuries resulting from underbody blast. The fluid-structure coupling algorithm of LS-DYNA was used to simulate the blast effect on the vehicle hull, the transmission path of the blast load and the occupant kinematic response. Head, spine, pelvis and lower extremity injury risks were investigated for 6 kg and 8 kg TNT explosion cases using a finite element human body model. The simulations show that for belted occupants, the ankle-foot complex, tibia and fibula have the highest risk of injury, followed by the pelvis and thoracolumbar spine. These results can be used to design vehicle protection systems to improve occupant safety.
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2020, Vol. 60 
