Abstract：Since signal transmissions over the sea surface are affected by the marine environment including seawater evaporation and tidal motion, existing terrestrial channel models are not suitable for maritime communications since they do not consider the effects of these environmental factors. This study evaluates the effect of the marine environment on wireless transmissions using channel measurement experiments in the Yellow Sea. The real-time hydrological and meteorological information in the area was also collected. The effect of seawater evaporation was modeled by an evaporation duct along the surface based on the sea state parameters with an analysis of the sensitivity of the duct height to various parameters. The effect of the tidal motion was modeled using a modified two-ray channel model that includes a tidal factor with the model verifying that the small-scale channel fading follows the Rice distribution. Comparison of the models with the measured data shows that this channel model better describes the channel characteristics over the Yellow Sea with a time-varying sea state environment than existing models.
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2021, Vol. 61 
