Effects of direct straw return and burning ash amendment on soil NO fluxes in a winter wheat cropland
SU Yuanyuan1,2, WANG Yanqiang3, MEI Baoling1, YAO Zhisheng2
1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 3. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
Abstract:Returning straw to the soil rather than burning it can reduce negative environmental impacts such as air pollution. However, the incorporation of straw into the soil changes the soil physico-chemical properties, the biogeochemical C and N cycles and the associated environmental pollutant nitric oxide (NO) production and release. This study assessed how the soil NO fluxes respond to different methods of straw return in a winter wheat cropland. The assessment was based on measurements of the NO fluxes and auxiliary variables throughout the entire wheat-growing season (from October, 2016 to May, 2017) in a long-term purplish soil experimental platform with conventional fertilization (NPK), conventional fertilization + direct straw return (NPK+SR) and conventional fertilization + burning ash amendment (NPK+SB) as well as no nitrogen application as a control (CK) using a static opaque chamber and chemiluminescent analysis. The results showed pronounced NO peak fluxes with the fertilized treatments within the first 1-2 weeks after basal fertilization, which is comparable to the temporal trend of the soil mineral nitrogen. Thus, soil mineral nitrogen, specifically the soil ammonium (NH4+) concentration, is the key factor controlling the NO flux variations with soil NO fluxes strongly positively correlated with soil NH4+ concentrations. In comparison to NPK, NPK+SB did not significantly affect seasonal NO emissions, while NPK+SR greatly inhibited seasonal NO emissions by 49.0%. When the control emissions were deducted as background emissions, the direct NO emission factors were estimated to be 0.33%, 0.32% and 0.15% for NPK, NPK+SB and NPK+SR, respectively. Besides, both NPK+SB and NPK+SR treatment improve crop nitrogen use efficiency, and consequently enhancing wheat grain yields by 18.9% and 15.8%, respectively, comparing with NPK. The yield-scaled emissions (i.e., NO emission intensity) of NPK+SB were 19.7% less than those of NPK. Direct incorporation of the straw into the soil instead of burning further reduced the NO emission intensity from the winter wheat field by 45.6%. Therefore, for this winter wheat field, NPK+SR is recommended as the optimal fertilization management method which improves food security while reducing atmospheric pollutant NO emissions.
苏媛媛, 王艳强, 梅宝玲, 姚志生. 秸秆直接还田与燃烧后还田对冬小麦田NO排放的影响[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 61(12): 1462-1471.
SU Yuanyuan, WANG Yanqiang, MEI Baoling, YAO Zhisheng. Effects of direct straw return and burning ash amendment on soil NO fluxes in a winter wheat cropland. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2021, 61(12): 1462-1471.
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