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Effect of material elasticity on the mechanics of opening a parachute |
| WANG Qi1,2, JIANG Wei1,2, WANG Wenqiang1,2, LEI Jiangli1,2, ZHANG Zhang1,2, ZHAO Miao1,2 |
1. Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, Beijing 100094, China;
2. Laboratory of Aerospace Entry, Descent and Landing Technology, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing 100094, China |
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Abstract [Objective] Parachutes are aerodynamic devices widely used in the deceleration and landing stages of a spacecraft.The opening process is the most critical working scenario of a parachute, wherein structural damage often occurs due to a significantly high aerodynamic load. Generally, the peak aerodynamic load during inflation and deployment of a parachute can reach more than 1.5 times the load at its steady state.Because of the high elasticity and damping characteristics of the flexible fabric materials comprising the parachute, the peak dynamic load can be effectively reduced. Thus, it is extremely important to accurately predict the mechanical characteristics of fabric materials during the opening process. In this paper, a numerical simulation method is used to study the mechanical characteristics of the fabric material in the inflation and deployment of a conical ribbon parachute. The opening process of a parachute involves a strong coupling effect of the nonlinear flexible structure and flow field. To investigate the influence of latitudinal reinforcing bands with different elasticities on the mechanics of a ribbon parachute, the opening processes of parachutes with different elastic and without latitudinal bands are simulated using the fluid-solid interaction (FSI) method. In the three parachutes, nylon and aramid fiber Ⅲ are used for latitudinal reinforcing bands in the first and second parachutes, respectively, the third has no latitudinal reinforcing band. The arbitrary lagrange-euler (ALE) method is applied to simulate the opening process, and the penalty-function method is used to demonstrate the force and displacement information between the canopy and flow field elements. The numerical simulation process is performed based on the LS-DYNA solver with the single-machine-distributed parallel computing strategy. Based on the simulation results of aerodynamics, latitudinal reinforcing band tension, and parachute canopies stress, the effect of the fabric material elasticity on the dynamic load of a parachute during the opening process is analyzed. Eventually, the aerodynamics of the parachute without latitudinal bands during the opening process is tested using the wind tunnel test, and the feasibility of predicting the mechanics of a parachute by the FSI method is verified. The simulation and experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of latitudinal bands had a nominal effect on the overall aerodynamics but had a significant effect on the stress of the canopies and latitudinal bands during the opening process. During the opening of a parachute, the maximum stress in the canopy appearaled soon after the reefing stage ends, and the projected area and aerodynamic load of the canopy increased exponentially at this time. Compared with aramid fiber Ⅲ and without latitudinal bands, the maximum stress of the canopy with a nylon configuration was reduced by 22.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Additionally, the maximum stress of the latitudinal bands and canopies made of nylon were reduced by 83.3% and 22.8%, respectively, compared to those made of aramid fiber Ⅲ. Based on the finite element method, three dynamic models of conical ribbon parachutes with different latitudinal band configurations are established. Numerical analysis of the opening process is performed, and the part-delete method is introduced to simulate the disreefing process.The parachute opening process can be effectively simulated using the FSI method, which is later applied in the selection of materials and optimization of the parachute design.
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| Keywords
parachute
elastic modulus of fabrics
opening processes
fluid-solid interaction
wind tunnel test
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Issue Date: 04 March 2023
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2023,
Vol. 63
