| PUBLIC SAFETY |
|
|
|
|
|
Top-level metrics decomposition and allocation method for large firefighting aircraft fireＧextinguishing missions and its application |
| GU Yin, LIN Kaiyi, XIANG Tuoyu, ZHOU Rui, SHEN Shifei |
| Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract [Objective] The top-level metrics for evaluating the performance of an aircraft fire-extinguishing mission system include effective drop utilization rate and uniformity. The former refers to the ratio of the liquid collected on the ground within the effective coverage area to the dropped liquid; this ensures that sufficient liquid falls to the effective coverage area on the ground. The latter refers to the average thickness of ground coverage within the effective coverage area; this ensures that the thickness of liquid coverage falling to the effective coverage area on the ground meets the requirements of the firefighting task. However, physical modeling and the top-level metrics decomposition and allocation for fire-extinguishing mission systems have not yet been documented. The current work aims to address a semiphysical and semiempirical model for the top-level metrics decomposition and allocation of large firefighting aircraft fire-extinguishing missions.[Methods] Based on the ground pattern and fraction models by Legendre et al. and Gu et al., respectively, we establish a semiphysical and semiempirical model for the top-level metrics of aircraft fire-extinguishing missions by coupling logical reasoning and theoretical derivation methods. Further, we clarify the quantitative relationship between the top-level metrics and parameters at the design stage (such as the average flow rate and the total amount of liquid dropped) and the planning stage (such as the viscosity of the released liquid, the density of the released liquid, flight velocity, and flight altitude) of the fire-extinguishing mission system. Moreover, the top-level metric decomposition and allocation method is proposed by reversely applying the semiphysical and semiempirical model with a predetermined liquid release performance requirement as the goal. This enables rapid calculation of the range of relevant parameter values at the design and planning stages of the fire-extinguishing mission system, providing a theoretical basis for the iterative upgrade design of existing aircraft models and mission planning.[Results] To validate the effectiveness of the top-level metrics decomposition and allocation method for aircraft fire-extinguishing missions, this study decomposes and allocates the top-level metrics for a typical fixed-wing large firefighting aircraft fire-extinguishing mission system, obtaining the “hatch area” range for the design stage and the “fire-retardant viscosity” and “flight altitude–flight velocity” decision-making planes for the planning stage of the fire-extinguishing mission.[Conclusions] The results indicate that the proposed decomposition and allocation method can, to some extent, guide the optimization design and fire-extinguishing mission planning of the fixed-wing aircraft fire-extinguishing mission system.
|
| Keywords
firefighting aircraft
fire-extinguishing mission system
effective drop utilization rate
drop uniformity
decomposition and allocation method
|
|
Issue Date: 12 May 2023
|
|
|
[1] ARTÉS T, OOM D, DE RIGO D, et al. A global wildfire dataset for the analysis of fire regimes and fire behaviour[J]. Scientific Data, 2019, 6(1):296.
[2] PAUDEL J. Beyond the blaze:The impact of forest fires on energy poverty[J]. Energy Economics, 2021, 101:105388.
[3] 尚超,王克印.森林航空灭火技术现状及展望[J].林业机械与木工设备, 2013, 41(3):4-8. SHANG C, WANG K Y. Current state and prospect of aerial forest fire fighting technology[J]. Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment, 2013, 41(3):4-8.(in Chinese)
[4] 魏萌.图片新闻[J].航空动力, 2021(5):76. WEI M. Photo news[J]. Aerospace Power, 2021(5):76.(in Chinese)
[5] GEORGE C W. An operational retardant effectiveness study[J]. Fire Management Notes, 1985, 46(2):18-23.
[6] SWANSON D H, LUEDECKE A D, HELVIG T N, et al. Development of user guidelines for selected retardant aircraft. Final report[R]. Hopkins, USA:Honeywell, 1975.
[7] GEORGE C W. An update on the operational retardant effectiveness (ORE) program[C]//The Art and Science of Fire Management. Proceedings of the First Interior West Fire Council Annual Meeting and Workshop. Kananaskis, Canada, 1990:114-122.
[8] GEORGE C W, JOHNSON G M. Developing air tanker performance guidelines:INT-268[R]. Ogden, USA:Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1990.
[9] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Airspray Electra L-188 with Aero Union constant flow tank:Technical Report 0057-2851-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[10] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Aero Union SP-2H:Technical Report 0057-2849-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[11] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Aero Flite DC4 airtanker with modified ARDCO conventional tank:Technical Report 0057-2867-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[12] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Neptune P2V-7 airtanker:Technical Report 0057-2848-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[13] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Snow Air Tractor with constant flow tank:Technical Report 0057-2852-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[14] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the LA County Bell S205 helicopter with Sheetcraft fixed tank:Technical Report 0057-2863-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[15] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Columbia BV-107 helicopter using the 1000-gallon Griffith Big Dipper helibucket:Technical Report 0057-2865-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[16] SOLARZ P, JORDAN C. Ground pattern performance of the Siller Brothers S-61N helicopter using the 1000-gallon Griffith big dipper helibucket:Technical Report 0057-2864-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[17] SUTER A. Drop testing airtankers:A discussion of the cup-and-grid method:Technical Report 0057-2868-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2000.
[18] SUTER A. Estimating methods, variability, and sampling for drop-test data:Technical Report 0257-2826-MTDC[R]. Missoula, USA:Missoula Technology and Development Center, USDA Forest Service, 2002.
[19] 彭冉,王晨昱.灭火飞机投放试验地面附着密度测量方法研究[J].计量学报, 2020, 41(12):1510-1515. PENG R, WANG C Y. Study on measurement method of ground adhesion density of fire extinguishing aircraft launching test[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2020, 41(12):1510-1515.(in Chinese)
[20] 蔡志勇,石含玥,赵红军,等.水陆两栖飞机灭火飞行仿真系统构建与仿真[J/OL].(2022-04-25)[2022-12-06].航空学报. https://hkxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27036. CAI Z Y, SHI H Y, ZHAO H J, et al. Construction and simulation of amphibious aircraft fire-fighting flight simulation system[J/OL].(2022-04-25)[2022-12-06]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022. https://hkxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27036.(in Chinese)
[21] GU Y, ZHOU R, XIE H, et al. Study on the ground fraction of air tankers[J/OL].(2023-01-19)[2022-12-06]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2023. DOI:10.1071/WF22055.
[22] LEGENDRE D, BECKER R, ALMÉRAS E, et al. Air tanker drop patterns[J]. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2014, 23(2):272-280.
[23] RIMBERT N, SÉRO-GUILLAUME O. Log-stable laws as asymptotic solutions to a fragmentation equation:Application to the distribution of droplets in a high Weber-number spray[J]. Physical Review E, 2004, 69(5):056316. |
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
2023,
Vol. 63
