| Research Article |
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Experiment on the autoignition characteristics of hydrogen and acetylene jets in a turbulent hot coflow |
| LIU Guijun1, LIU Jiayue2, ZHANG Yang1, WU Yuxin1 |
1. Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China |
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Abstract [Objective] Hydrogen fuel gas turbine is the key equipment for large-scale hydrogen fuel power generation toward realizing the goal of carbon neutrality. Lean premixed combustion is an important technology for reducing the NOx emissions of modern gas turbines. However, compared with those of traditional hydrocarbon fuels, the high flame-propagation speed, wide flammability limit, and extremely low ignition energy of hydrogen increase the risk of autoignition and flashback in the premixed duct. Besides, the high mass-diffusion rate and flame-propagation speed of hydrogen in the sequential combustor with the second (reheat) stage of autoignition-stabilized flame render the flame stabilization mechanism is different from that of traditional hydrocarbon fuels. This study aims to understand the difference between hydrogen and acetylene as a hydrocarbon fuel in turbulent hot coflow in terms of autoignition type, flame structure, and stabilization mechanism. [Methods] A jet-in-coflow burner is used to conduct autoignition experiments. Based on our previous studies, acetylene, as an important small-molecule hydrocarbon, is selected as a hydrocarbon fuel for comparison with hydrogen. The fuel jet is injected into the hot coflow air through the fuel injection tube installed at the center axis of the burner. After being heated via the electric preheater, the compressed air flowed into the quartz tube to form a turbulent hot coflow exceeding the fuel ignition temperature. The photographs and OH chemiluminescence images of autoignition are obtained using a digital camera and an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The liftoff height, defined as the distance between the fuel injector exit and flame base (autoignition location), is a crucial parameter determining autoignition characteristics that strongly correlates with the flame stabilization mechanism. A ruler is mounted parallel to the quartz tube as a reference to measure the average liftoff height by comparing the autoignition location with the ruler mark. [Results] The results showed that with decreasing fuel mole fraction or increasing fuel jet velocity, the autoignited flame type of hydrogen and acetylene changed from the attached flame to random spots. Compared with that of acetylene, the flame zone of hydrogen random spots with light red was more compact. For the OH chemiluminescence-based flame structure, which was affected by the high mass-diffusion rate and flame-propagation speed of hydrogen, the independent autoignition points of hydrogen were undetectable. The flame zone became a continuous region. The liftoff height of hydrogen random spots was less sensitive to the fuel jet velocity than that of acetylene. The volatility of the hydrogen random point location was weak. Moreover, based on the mixing-strain model in the previous study, we found that the acetylene flame was mainly stabilized via autoignition kinetics. However, autoignition kinetics and flame propagation jointly determined the flame stabilization of hydrogen. The correlation of the liftoff height of hydrogen further indicated that flame propagation played a key role in flame stabilization. [Conclusions] In conclusion, this study, through experiments, reveals the difference in autoignition characteristics between hydrogen and acetylene in turbulent hot coflow, demonstrates the importance of flame propagation in stabilizing the hydrogen-autoignited flame, and modifies the liftoff height prediction model.
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| Keywords
gas turbines
hydrogen
autoignition
jet flames
liftoff height
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Issue Date: 22 April 2023
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2023,
Vol. 63
