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百年期刊
ISSN 1000-0585
CN 11-1848/P
Started in 1982
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Table of Content
, Volume 55 Issue 6
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
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Calculations on the flexural and axialstiffnesses of steel reinforced concrete members after exposure to fire
TAN Qinghua, ZHOU Kan, HAN Linhai
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 597-603.
Abstract
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871
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The sectional stiffnesses of members after exposure to fire are needed for internal force analyses, so they are a key parameter for post-fire evaluations and seismic analyses. The initial and service flexural and axial stiffnesses were calculated using a finite element analysis (FEA) model for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns after exposure to fire to analyze the effects of commonly used parameters. The results of the parametric study show that the heating time, the sectional perimeter and the sectional steel ratio are the main factors affecting the selected stiffness. Simplified formulas for the initial and service flexural and axial stiffnesses after a fire were then developed for mechanical analyses of SRC structures after exposure to fire.
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HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
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Evaluation of a radar-based storm nowcasting method in the Three Gorges
YANG Wenyu, LI Zhe, NI Guangheng, HONG Yang, Ali Zahraei
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 604-611.
Abstract
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A pixel-based nowcasting algorithm (PBN) was applied at the Three Gorges Region to forecast the rainfall in the short-term. During the 2010 summer, 11 rainfall events gathered with radar were used to evaluate the algorithm performance with four performance statistics including the correlation coefficient, probability of detection, false alarm ratio and critical success indes. The correlation coefficient of the one-hour forecast results is close to 0.6, which suggests that the PBN algorithm effectively tracks and predicts rainfall events within an hour of their occurrence. An analysis of four rainfall events using these performance statistics suggested that the PBN algorithm is a promising nowcasting platform for typical stratiform rainfall events over a large area. However, the algorithm still cannot accurately forecast rainfall with several convective centers.
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Coupled stability analysis for slopes near a reservoir
ZHANG Ga
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 612-615.
Abstract
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566
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A geo-domain concept was developed to more accurately evaluate slope stability. The geo-domain was defined as a system consisting of a few geo-bodies located in a region with internal relationships. A coupling model was developed with a dada layer (input layer and response layer) and an analysis layer (model layer and computation layer). The model is driven by the data as the core. The dada input does not have to have a unified format and is related to the analysis layer and other sources. The geo-body model and response are independent of each other. The coupling of the geo-bodies is captured by the input layer and the computation layer. Thus, the geo-body analysis can be improved by using data from other geo-bodies in the geo-domain. The stability of slopes near a reservoir was analyzed using the coupling analysis theory of the geo-domain. The results show that the slope stability is significantly influenced by water level changes.
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Organizational effectiveness evaluation model for construction projects based on fuzzy-analytic hierarchy processes
YUAN Shangnan, QIANG Maoshan, WEN Qi, JIANG Hanchen
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 616-623.
Abstract
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(1085KB) (
702
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Effective management of construction projects needs scientific methods to evaluate the organizational effectiveness. The interaction mechanism among organization elements of a construction project is used to evaluate the organizational effectiveness of construction projects (OECP). The effectiveness is divided into the organization goals, internal processes, resources and capabilities, organizational people and external stakeholders. Indicator weights are calculated by a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) while the indicators used by the hierarchical data and the OECP are evaluated by a synthesized evaluation value. This model is used to evaluate the organizational effectiveness of 8 sub-projects of a large hydropower project. The results show that: 1) the OECP factor weights are similar, with the organization staff being most important, 2) the model is able to analyze the results of a concern factor leading to targeted improvement of the management to improve the OECP, and 3) the synthetic evaluation has a high, significant correlation with the direct evaluation value. The quantitative ordering and qualitative interviews are consistent, which verifies the model's validity.
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Team capabilities in engineering projects: Measurement and evaluation
QIANG Maoshan, YUAN Shangnan, WEN Qi
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 624-632.
Abstract
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(1195KB) (
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Temporary organizations during engineering projects include the owner, designer, consultant and contractor teams. Thus, evaluations of project team capabilities will help improve management of engineering project organizations. A literature review showed the key factors affecting project team capabilities and which factors should be analyzed in a measurement model with empirical tests based on 226 questionnaires from hydropower project teams. A reliability test, validity test, factor analysis, regression analysis and comparative analysis showed that the project team capability is dependent on the team-leader capability, team-base capability and team-external capability with 16 measurement indicators. The team-base capability is the most significant of the three in determining the team capability. The project team capability can be measured by the first and second order models, with the first one evaluating detailed aspects of each capability factor, and the second one measuring the overall team capability. The capability evaluation results showed that teams from complex projects have relatively high capability, as do similar designer teams. Also, when the owner team is not capable enough, the designer and consultant team capabilities need to be relatively high to provide the needed capability demand for the project management.
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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
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Safety rules for the implementation of the design for construction safety (DFCS)
GUO Hongling, ZHANG Weisheng, LIU Wenping
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 633-639.
Abstract
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(1274KB) (
960
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Construction safety is always a difficult problem that can be simplified by using design for construction safety (DFCS) in the design phase to eliminate hazards to improve construction safety. The DFCS concept identifies unsafe hazards which may hurt workers in the design phase. Unsafe factors are classified into 3 categories based on previous studies to analyze the relationships among designs, codes, and construction safety. Then, this study proposes safety codes to identify hazards and to build safety rules. Finally, this paper proposes a mechanism for designers to apply these rules to eliminate safety hazards using DFCS theory to improve construction safety.
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Capital cost sensitivity of real estate corporate investment
LIU Hongyu, XU Yuejin, JIANG Peiyan
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 640-646.
Abstract
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(1125KB) (
1155
)
The capital cost sensitivity of real estate corporate investment is estimated using a generalized method of moments of a dynamic panel based on data of listed companies. The results show that the “investment-capital cost sensitivity” of real estate corporations is not significant, which reveals the irrationality of real estate investment. Secondly, small and medium enterprises are more sensitive to debt cost than large real estate enterprises. Therefore, small and medium corporations have less debt. In addition, the “investment-capital cost sensitivity” can be influenced by adaptive expectation, which is an important characteristic of small and medium corporations. With the slowdown in housing price increases after the first quater of 2011, small and medium size real estate enterprises have begun to pay close attention to capital costs, while the “investment-capital cost sensitivity” of large corporates is still not a significant concern.
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Relationship between rent and vacancy rate of office markets in Beijing and Seoul
LEE Jin, LIU Hongyu
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 647-652.
Abstract
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713
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This studied analyzed the effect of the rent on the vacancy rate of office space in large cities. The DiPasquale-Wheaton theory of supply and demand was used to develop a rent and vacancy rate model to describe the relationship between the rent and the vacancy rate. Quarterly data for prime office space in Beijing and Seoul from Q1, 2000 to Q2, 2013 was used for the empirical study. The results show that the rent and vacancy rate correlate negatively which agrees with previous studies of the Beijing and Seoul office space markets. The results also show that the effect of macroeconomic indicators and the market participant behavior differs between the two cities. These features provide implications for market operations, forecasting and policy making in the Beijing office space market.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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Effect of trace elements for improving the aerobic biological treatment of industrial wastewater
ZHOU Lu, PENG Biao
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 653-659.
Abstract
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(1369KB) (
707
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Wastewater from dyeing and printing factories is difficult to treat. Such wastewater is often treated using activated sludge process, but the removal efficiency is not good. Many micronutrients play important roles in the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the activated sludge; thus, the micronutrients can affect the treatment efficiency of dyeing printing wastewater. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of single metal elements, such as Mo, Zn and Co, and combinations of these metal elements on the treatment efficiency of dyeing printing wastewater and the SOUR of activated sludge using a sequencing batch reactor. The results show that dyeing printing wastewater lacks the Mo, Zn, Fe, Al and Co which are important for the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the activated sludge. The biological treatment of dyeing printing wastewater can be very different depending on the species, concentration and form of the metal elements. When adding single metal elements into the reactor, the optimum concentrations of Mo, Zn, Fe, Al and Co were 0.3 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L and 4 mg/L. The removal rate of COD
Cr
, relative to the rate without any micronutrients is increased 5.82% by Mo, 12.85% by Zn, 5.26% by Fe, 8.28% by Al and 9.66% by Co and the SOUR of the microbial activity in the activated sludge is increased 68.51% by Mo, 74.87% by Zn, 6.15% by Fe, 21.70% by Al and 71.64% by Co. The microorganism metabolic activity was increased by adding Mo, Zn and Co which improved the treatment efficiency. The improved treatment efficiency with Al and Fe was mainly due to the enhanced coagulation with these elements. The interactions of different micronutrients is difficult to predict in microbial communities. The anions of the metal salts had no effect on the biological effects of the trace metals.
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Adsorption of ammonia-nitrogen on ion exchange resins
YANG Shaoxia, ZHANG Jingjing, YANG Hongwei, ZHANG Li, GAO Pan
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 660-665.
Abstract
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(1245KB) (
1446
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The adsorption of ammonia-nitrogen on a macro-reticular weak acid resin (D113) with a strong acid resin (001×7) was analyzed experimentally to identify the thermodynamics and kinetics of the absorption process. The result showed that: 1) increasing resin concentrations increased the ammonia removals of the two resins even though the adsorption rate decreased; 2) a basic solution increased the adsorption capacity of the two resins, and 3) the adsorption capacity of the two resins increased with temperature. The adsorption isotherm of two resin combination was fit with the Langmuir adsorption model with the kinetics close a pseudo-second equation. The process of ammonia adsorption on the resins was a spontaneous, endothermic reaction with increasing entropy.
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NUCLEAR AND NEW ENERGY ENGINEERING
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Effect of emulsifiers on the cementation of spent radioactive organic solvents
ZHANG Wenfeng, LI Junfeng, WANG Jianlong
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 666-671.
Abstract
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(1185KB) (
1260
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Spent radioactive organic solvent was solidified using calcium sulfoaluminate cement (SAC), zeolite and slaked lime as the basic materials with additives and accelerators. Two kinds of emulsifiers, MR-1 and T-80, were evaluated based on the fluidity, setting times and 28 d compressive strength. The results show that the spent radioactive organic solvent can be solidified using these two emulsifiers. The fluidity was from 17.1 cm to 24.5 cm, the setting time was from 20 min to 44 min, and the 28 d compressive strength was more than 7 MPa, meeting the requirements of GB14569.1-2011. The fluidity of the cement slurry with T-80 was smaller than with MR-1 and the setting time was shorter and both increased with increasing amounts of emulsifier. The 28 d compressive strength was higher with T-80. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses suggested that the additions of tri-butyl phosphate kerosene(TBP/OK) and the emulsifiers did not interfere with the formation of the SAC hydration products.
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CO
2
emission allowances for typical allocation regimes and their equality assessments
WANG Lining, CHEN Wenying
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 672-677,683.
Abstract
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(1842KB) (
874
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The cumulative emissions data provided by the Summary for Policymakers of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (Working Group I) were used to calculate the carbon allowances for the main countries and regions during 2010-2100 for typical allocation schemes. The results show that each country's permitted discharges change with the various total constraints at different rates for each scheme. In addition, the scheme parameters also impact each country's quota. The allocation regimes are evaluated from the perspective of fairness to show that the regimes based on historical responsibilities more effectively reduce the inequities among global emissions to maintain reasonable rights for developing countries and that the regimes based on ability to pay more effectively reduce the emissions inequities between Annex I and non-Annex I groups.
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Pipeline networks for CCUS by static programming in the Chinese Mainland
SUN Liang, CHEN Wenying
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 678-683.
Abstract
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(1863KB) (
1004
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Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) may play an important role in China's long-term carbon emissions reduction in which coal is the main energy source. However, there has been little research on the need for pipeline networks for CCUS in the Chinese Mainland. The CO
2
pipeline networks and the economic feasibility of which for large-scale CCUS use were analyzed using a static source-sink matching model based on the general algebraic modeling system(GAMS) for the Chinese mainland. Most pipelines should run from south to north, while East China and North China have good structures for CCUS implementation. CO
2
geological storage can produce 23 Mt/a crude oil through CO
2
enhanced oil recovery (CO
2
-EOR), while 4.9×10
10
m
3
/a natural gas can be produced by CO
2
enhanced coal bed methane (CO
2
-ECBM), which will lead to an economic benefit of 7.8×10
10
RMB/a. When the amount of CO
2
in the CCUS is increased from 288 Mt/ato 2 886 Mt/a, the unit CO
2
transportation cost is 7-12 RMB/t. The required total pipeline length will be 5.0×10
4
km for a CO
2
capture rate of 2 886 Mt/a.
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PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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Dynamic urban waterlogging risk assessment method based on scenario simulations
SU Boni, HUANG Hong, ZHANG Nan
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 684-690.
Abstract
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(2502KB) (
1742
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A quantitative risk assessment method was developed for urban waterlogging caused by rainstorms. The spatio-temporal distributions of water are simulated through a two-dimensional hydraulic model, with the losses caused by waterlogging then estimated from a vulnerability curve obtained using a domestic field investigation. An area in Xinluo District, Longyan, Fujian Province was chosen as the study area. The waterlogging risk was assessed by calculating the spatio-temporal water distribution and the disaster losses for various rainstorm scenarios. The results show that rainstorms with longer duration and longer return period cause more serious waterlogging and economic losses. The waterlogging points of different rainstorms are similar. The effects of drainage well capability on reducing the urban waterlogging risk were analyzed through economic loss estimated for various drain distributions. The results show that drainage wells effectively reduce the waterlogging risk, but the effect is limited during short and heavy rainstorms.
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Readout electronics for position sensitive boron coated straw detector
YU Hao, GONG Hui, WANG Yongqiang, WANG Xuewu, LI Jianmin, LI Yuanjing, KANG Kejun
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 691-694.
Abstract
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(1066KB) (
611
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Boron coated straw neutron detectors are being developed for use in the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument of the compact pulsed hadron source (CPHS) in Tsinghua University. This paper describes the readout electronics system for the position sensitive detector. The position resolution is estimated based on a noise analysis of the detector and the front end electronics. Then, the circuit parameters are optimized to improve the output signal characteristics. The position resolution of the detector and the readout electronics were evaluated using a charge injection test and a neutron beam test, with a position resolution of 2.7 mm in the charge injection test and 4.5 mm in the neutron beam test. The results that the detector and readout electronics meet the requirements for the neutron position measurement in the CPHS SANS instrument.
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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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Segmentation strategy for enhanced MR cystography based on graph theory
DUAN Chaijie, ZHANG Yijia, GUO Hui, YE Datian, LIANG Zhengrong
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 695-699.
Abstract
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(1442KB) (
582
)
Fast magnetic resonance (MR) bladder scans with artifacts and low signal to noise ratios (SNR) are used to precisely segment and achieve the bladder wall. The short scans are registered to a selected reference using an affine transformation followed by a hierarchical B-spline registration. The average of the registration results is the motion-corrected image. The graph cut method based on a closed-set model is then used segment the bladder MR image. The strategy is evaluated using both computer-generated images and clinical MR images. The results show that the average motion-corrected image with a high SNR (i.e., 3.26 for the simulated images and 2.17 for the clinical images) and less artifacts followed by a graph-cut segmentation tends to have a more accurate result. This strategy reduces the artifacts and improves the SNR to provide high resolution segmentation of the bladder wall.
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980 nm pulsed laser-induced auditory nerve impulses
GUAN Tian, WU Mocun, ZHU Kai, WANG Jian
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 700-704.
Abstract
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(1245KB) (
946
)
A 980 nm near infrared laser was used to stimulate the auditory nerve in guinea pig cochlea to provide useful optical parameters for the development of an optical cochlear implant. The 980 nm pulsed laser can evoke optical compound action potentials (oCAPs) from guinea pig cochlea. The experimental results also demonstrate the security of optical stimulus and larger optical intensities not always giving better results.
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ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
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Vertical differentiation and platform competition in two-sided markets
DOU Yifan, ZHU Yan
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2015,
55
(6): 705-708.
Abstract
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(1020KB) (
1056
)
Software platforms such as Apple iOS and Google Android differ from the traditional platforms in terms of their revenue resources from the commission of the third-party software sales. However, the literature has paid little attention to the role of the third-party software providers in the platform competition. This paper employs a stylized game-theoretical model to analyze the platform competition between two vertically-differentiated software platforms in the presence of third-party software providers. The analysis uses both sequential game equilibrium and third-party software provider's profit maximization. The results suggest that: 1) the software market extends the market coverage of inferior platforms, 2) superior platforms may also benefit from quality improvements in inferior platform, and 3) some conditions can result in the inferior platform employing a zero-price strategy.
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