Effect of bubble coalescence on the wall heat transfer during subcooled pool boiling
杩囧喎姹犳哺鑵句腑姘旀场鑱氬苟瀵瑰闈㈡崲鐑奖鍝嶇殑瀹為獙鐮旂┒
寮曠敤鏈枃
AbdoulayeCoulibaly, 鏋楁洣楣� 姣曟櫙鑹� 鏌亾鍙� 杩囧喎姹犳哺鑵句腑姘旀场鑱氬苟瀵瑰闈㈡崲鐑奖鍝嶇殑瀹為獙鐮旂┒. 娓呭崕澶у瀛︽姤: 鑷劧绉戝鐗� 2014, 54(2): 240-246[Coulibaly Abdoulaye, Xipeng LIN, Jingliang BI, et al. Effect of bubble coalescence on the wall heat transfer during subcooled pool boiling[J]. 2014, 54(2): 240-246]  
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Copyright@2014, 銆婃竻鍗庡ぇ瀛﹀鎶ワ紙鑷劧绉戝鐗堬級銆嬬紪杈戦儴
鐗堟潈鎵�湁
杩囧喎姹犳哺鑵句腑姘旀场鑱氬苟瀵瑰闈㈡崲鐑奖鍝嶇殑瀹為獙鐮旂┒
AbdoulayeCoulibaly, 鏋楁洣楣� 姣曟櫙鑹� 鏌亾鍙�sup>
娓呭崕澶у 鐑瀛︿笌鍔ㄥ姏宸ョ▼鏁欒偛閮ㄩ噸鐐瑰疄楠屽, 鍖椾含 100084
鏌亾鍙� 鏁欐巿, E-mail:dmc@tsinghua.edu.cn

浣滆�绠�粙: Abdoulaye Coulibaly (1968-), 鐢� 椹噷鍏卞拰鍥� 鍗氬＋鐮旂┒鐢熴�

鍩洪噾:鍥藉鈥滀節涓冧笁鈥濋噸鐐瑰熀纭�爺绌堕」鐩�2011CB706904);
鎽樿

璇ユ枃瀹為獙鐮旂┒浜嗘皵娉¤仛骞跺鏍告�姹犳哺鑵炬崲鐑殑褰卞搷銆傚湪鎭掑娓╃殑杈圭晫鏉′欢涓�鍒╃敤寰姞鐑櫒闃靛垪鍔犵儹娑叉�FC-72浜х敓姘旀场,鍚屾椂鍒╃敤楂橀�鏁版嵁閲囬泦绯荤粺娴嬮噺鐗瑰畾鍖哄煙鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︺�鐢变簬姘旀场涔嬮棿娑蹭綋灞傜殑钂稿彂鍜屾皵娉¤仛骞跺悗浜х敓鐨勬尟鑽�娌歌吘杩囩▼涓彂鐢熸皵娉¤仛骞舵椂鐑祦瀵嗗害鐨勬尝鍔ㄨ繙寮轰簬鍔犵儹琛ㄩ潰浠呮湁鍗曟皵娉＄敓鎴愭椂鐨勬儏褰�涓庡崟姘旀场鎴愭牳鐩告瘮,姘旀场鑱氬苟鎵�骇鐢熺殑鎸崱鎻愰珮浜嗗姞鐑〃闈㈢殑鍐嶆鼎婀块鐜�浠庤�鏄捐憲澧炲姞浜嗗钩鍧囦紶鐑�瑙傛祴杩樿〃鏄�鐢变簬姘旀场涔嬮棿鐨勬恫浣撳眰琚粛澶勪簬鎯�鐢熼暱闃舵鐨勬皵娉℃帹绂�姘旀场鑱氬苟閫熷害闈炲父蹇椂骞朵笉浼氫即闅忕儹娴侀噺鐨勫鍔犮�瀹為獙缁撴灉琛ㄦ槑: 褰撴棤閲忕翰鐨勮仛骞舵暟 Ncoal>0.2鏃�姘旀场鑱氬苟鑳藉澧炲己鎹㈢儹; 鍙嶄箣,褰�em> Ncoal<0.2鏃�姘旀场鑱氬苟鍒欎細鍑忓急鎹㈢儹銆�/p>

鍏抽敭璇�/span>: 寰姞鐑櫒闃靛垪; 姘旀场鍔ㄥ姏瀛�/span>; 姘旀场鑱氬苟; 鐑紶閫�/span>; 姹犳哺鑵�/span>
涓浘鍒嗙被鍙�TK124 鏂囩尞鏍囧織鐮�A 鏂囩珷缂栧彿:1000-0054(2014)02-0240-07
Effect of bubble coalescence on the wall heat transfer during subcooled pool boiling
Coulibaly Abdoulaye, Xipeng LIN, Jingliang BI, M. Christopher David
Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Fund:
Abstract

This study experimentally investigated the effects of bubble coalescence on nucleate pool boiling. A micro heater array was used to generate vapor bubbles in FC-72 liquid with constant surface temperature boundary conditions while the heat flux at selected locations was measured using a high speed data acquisition system. The heat flux for boiling with coalescence was found to fluctuate much more than when only a single bubble formed on the surface due to the vaporization of the liquid layer trapped between the bubbles and oscillation of the bubbles after coalescence. These oscillations significantly increased the average heat transfer by increasing the frequency of rewetting of the heated surfaces compared to single bubble nucleation. The observations also showed that very fast coalescence events were not accompanied by an increase in the heat transfer rate as the liquid layer between the bubbles was physically pushed away by the rapid bubble growth during the inertial bubble growth stage instead of evaporating. The results show that the heat transfer increases for the dimensionless coalescence number, Ncoal, more than 0.2 but decreases for Ncoal less than 0.2.

Keyword: micro heater array; bubble dynamics; bubble coalescence; heat transfer; pool boiling

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1 瀹為獙瑁呯疆
1.1 寰姞鐑墖闃靛垪

鏈疄楠屽埄鐢ㄧ敱23涓井鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ粍鎴愮殑寰姞鐑櫒闃靛垪鍔犵儹FC-72宸ヨ川,濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆傞鍏堝湪500 渭m鐨凷iO2鐗囦笂鍠烽晙0.3 渭m鍘氱殑閽涘眰,鐒跺悗鍐嶅柗闀�.0 渭m鍘氱殑閾濆眰,鏈�悗灏嗗井鍔犵儹鍣ㄥ竷缃湪涓婇潰銆�涓吀鍨嬬殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄥ竷缃柟寮忓鍥�鎵�ず銆傚姞鐑櫒鐨勭數闃诲ぇ绾︿负1 kW,姣忎釜鍔犵儹鐗囬渶瑕佸崟鐙繘琛屾爣瀹氥�娓╁害绯绘暟澶х害涓�.001 6 K-1銆傛暣涓姱鐗囪瀹夎鍦ㄤ竴涓嵃鍒风數璺澘(printed circuit board, PCB)涓�骞剁敤寮曠嚎

鍥� 鍔犵儹鍣ㄩ樀鍒椾笂23涓井鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ殑鍒嗗竷

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鎺ュ悎娉曡繛鎺ヨ姱鐗囧拰PCB鏉跨殑閿悎鐐广�鍒╃敤Wheatstone鐢垫ˉ鍙嶉鐢佃矾瀵规瘡涓姞鐑墖杩涜娓╁害鎺у埗,浣垮叾淇濇寔涓�畾鐨勬俯搴﹀�,濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆傞�杩囪瀹歐heatstone鐢垫ˉ鐢佃矾涓彲鍙樼數闃诲櫒(DS1267)鐨勯樆鍊�鍙互鎺у埗姣忎釜鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ殑闃诲�鍙婂叾鎵�搴旂殑娓╁害鍊笺�涓婅堪娓╁害鎺у埗杩囩▼鐢辫绠楁満绋嬪簭鑷姩瀹屾垚銆�/p>

鍥� 鐢靛瓙鍙嶉鎺у埗鍥炶矾

1.2 寰姞鐑櫒鏍囧畾

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Rh=R251伪t(T-25)].

鍏朵腑: R25鏄井鍔犵儹鍣ㄥ湪25 鈩冩椂鐨勭數闃诲�, 伪t鏄數闃荤殑娓╁害绯绘暟,涓や釜鍊奸兘闇�閫氳繃鏍囧畾寰楀嚭銆�span class="xref">鍥�涓殑鐢甸樆 R2鍜�em> R3鍙互閫氳繃鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ殑闃诲�杩涜閫夋嫨,浣垮緱姣忎釜鎺у埗鍣ㄥ彲浠ラ�杩嘍S1267鍙彉鐢甸樆鍣ㄩ樆鍊煎彉鍖栧緱鍒伴渶瑕佺殑娓╁害鑼冨洿銆傜敱浜庢瘡涓數妗ョ數璺腑闃诲�鐨勪笉纭畾鎬�闇�鍒╃敤DS1267鍙彉鐢甸樆鍣ㄥ姣忎釜Wheatstone鐢垫ˉ鐢佃矾涓姞鐑櫒鎺у埗娓╁害杩涜鏍囧畾銆傚湪杩欎竴姝ユ爣瀹氳繃绋嬩腑,璁＄畻鏈鸿緭鍑烘帶鍒朵俊鍙峰埌楂橀�USB1616HS鏁版嵁閲囬泦绯荤粺鐨勮緭鍏ョ鍙ｃ�鍚勪釜閫氶亾鐢典綅璁＄殑鐢甸樆鍊肩紦鎱㈠崌楂�鐢靛帇鍚屾椂鍗囬珮,鐩村埌鑾峰緱姣忎釜娓╁害鐨勪复鐣岀數闃诲�銆侱S1267鐨勪复鐣岀數闃诲�闅忔俯搴︾嚎鎬у彉鍖栥�鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ殑娓╁害鍦ㄨ嚜鍔ㄦ帶鍒剁▼搴忎腑璁惧畾,鐢辫绠楁満鎺у埗DS1267鐨勮缃�闅忓悗, Wheatstone鐢垫ˉ鐢佃矾閫氳繃鎺у埗鐢垫ˉ椤剁鐨�N60C鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑鍔熺巼鏉ユ帶鍒跺姞鐑櫒鐨勬俯搴︺�濡傛灉鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ數闃昏繃楂�鐢佃矾灏嗛檷浣庤緭鍏ュ姛鐜�杈惧埌闄嶄綆鍔犵儹鍣ㄦ俯搴︾殑鏁堟灉銆傜數璺殑鍝嶅簲閫熷害寰堝揩銆傛爣瀹氱粨鏋滆〃鏄�鎺у埗绯荤粺鑳藉灏嗘瘡涓姞鐑櫒鐨勬俯搴︽帶鍒跺湪璁惧畾鍊肩殑 卤0.5 鈩冧箣鍐呫�

浠庡姞鐑櫒浼犲叆娴佷綋鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴�em> q鈥�/em>涓�/p>

q鈥�/mi>=q鈥�/mi>h-q鈥�/mi>c.

鍏朵腑: q鈥�/em>h涓轰緵缁欏姞鐑櫒鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴� q鈥�/em>c涓轰笉鐩存帴涓庢皵娉′紶鐑浉鍏崇殑鐑祦鎹熷け銆備緥濡�瀵逛簬鏃惰�涓嶆椂琚捀姘旇鐩栫殑鍔犵儹鐗�鐑崯澶辫繎浼肩瓑浜庢哺鑵惧懆鏈熶腑鐨勬渶浣庢祴閲忓�,鍗冲姞鐑櫒鍚戝叾琛ㄩ潰涓婅捀姘斿強鍏跺熀搴х殑鏁ｇ儹閲忋�瀵逛簬濮嬬粓琚恫浣撹鐩栫殑鍔犵儹鐗�鐑崯澶卞悓鏍峰彇鏈�綆娴嬮噺鍊笺�

1.3 瀹為獙姝ラ

瀹為獙绯荤粺鐢变竴涓洓婊C-72鐨勭煩褰㈢煶鑻卞鍣ㄧ粍鎴�鍔犵儹鍣ㄨ瀹夎鍦ㄥ鍣ㄥ簳閮�濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆備娇鐢‵C-72浣滀负宸ヨ川鏄洜涓哄畠涓嶄細鎹熷潖鍔犵儹鍣ㄣ�瀹瑰櫒琚瘑灏�浠庤�鍙互鍒╃敤鐪熺┖娉靛皢瀹瑰櫒鍐呭帇鍔涢檷鑷冲伐璐ㄧ殑钂告皵鍘嬨�鍒╃敤楂橀�CCD鎽勫儚鏈烘潵瑙傚療姘旀场鐨勮繍鍔�鎽勫儚鏈烘媿鎽勯�搴︿负1 000甯�s銆傚悓鏃�浣跨敤USB1616HS楂橀�鏁版嵁閲囬泦绯荤粺娴嬮噺姣忎釜寰姞鐑櫒涓ょ鐨勭數鍘嬮檷骞�浠庤�鑾峰緱鐑祦瀵嗗害鐨勫�, USB1616楂橀�鏁版嵁閲囬泦绯荤粺鐨勯噰闆嗛�搴︿负5 000娆�(閫氶亾路s)銆傜敱浜嶧C-72鍚告敹浜嗗ぇ閲忕┖姘�蹇呴』浣跨敤鐪熺┖娉靛娆″鍏惰繘琛岃劚姘�蹇呰鏃堕渶瑕佽ˉ鍏呭伐璐ㄤ互淇濇寔娑蹭綋鍏呮弧瀹瑰櫒銆傜郴缁熷帇鍔涗繚鎸佸湪鎺ヨ繎楗卞拰鍘嬪姏1 h鎴栨洿闀挎椂闂翠箣鍚�閫氳繃鍘嬬缉娉㈢汗绠′娇寰楀鍣ㄥ唴鍘嬪姏鍗囬珮,鏉ヨ幏寰楅渶瑕佺殑娑蹭綋杩囧喎搴︺�鍒╃敤鎺у埗USB1616鏁版嵁閲囬泦绯荤粺鐨勮绠楁満鏉ヨ瀹氬姞鐑櫒鐨勭數闃�鍗充笌涔嬪搴旂殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄦ俯搴︺�鍒╃敤娴嬪緱鐨勬瘡涓姞鐑櫒涓ょ鐨勭數鍘嬪�鍜屽凡鐭ョ殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄩ樆鍊�璁＄畻姣忎釜鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ殑浼犵儹閲忎负

q鈥�/mi>h=V2RhA.

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鍥� 娌歌吘瑁呯疆鍘熺悊鍥�/span>

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2 缁撴灉鍜屽垎鏋�/span>

鏈疄楠岀爺绌朵簡3涓姞鐑櫒涓婃牳鎬佹哺鑵炬皵娉¤仛骞惰繃绋嬩腑鐨勬皵娉¤繍鍔� 3涓姞鐑櫒缁勬垚涓�釜鐩磋杈归暱0 .2 mm鐨勭瓑鑵扮洿瑙掍笁瑙掑舰,杩囩儹搴︿负8 鈩冦�杩�涓姞鐑櫒涔嬮棿鍜屽懆鍥寸殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄤ篃琚姞鐑�浣嗘槸浠庣儹娴佸瘑搴︾殑鍙樺寲鍙互鐪嬪埌鍥�涓�銆�4銆�8杩�涓姞鐑櫒鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︽洿澶�琛ㄦ槑鍦ㄨ繖3涓姞鐑櫒涓婃瘮鍛ㄥ洿鍏朵粬鐨勫姞鐑櫒鏇存槗浜х敓姘旀场銆傚叾鍘熷洜鍙兘鏄敱浜庢帶鍒跺櫒鐨勫井灏忓樊鍒娇寰楀畠浠殑娓╁害鐣ラ珮浜庡叾浠栫殑鍔犵儹鍣�鍥犳姘旀场鏇村鏄撲骇鐢熴�20缁勮繖鏍风殑涓夎褰㈡帓鍒楃殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄧ粍閮借璁惧畾鍦�5 鈩�娑蹭綋娓╁害涓�7 鈩� 鍘嬪姏涓�9 kPa銆傜敱浜�9 kPa涓嬬殑楗卞拰娓╁害 Tsat涓�37 鈩� 姝ゆ椂娑蹭綋鐨勮繃鍐峰害涓�0 鈩� 澹侀潰杩囩儹搴︿负8 鈩冦�

2.1 姘旀场鑱氬苟杩囩▼鐨勮繍鍔ㄥ拰鐑祦瀵嗗害鐗瑰緛

鍥�灞曠ず浜�涓椿璺冪殑鍔犵儹鍣ㄤ笂姘旀场鐨勭敓鎴愯繃绋�鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭璁稿姘旀场鐨勭敓鎴愩�鑱氬苟鍜屽垎绂汇�鍦�4 ms鏃�鍔犵儹鍣ㄨ涓�釜鐩稿杈冨ぇ鐨勬皵娉¤鐩�杩欎釜姘旀场鍋滅暀鍦ㄥ姞鐑櫒琛ㄩ潰涓婄洿鍒� ms鏃�闅忓悗鑴辩琛ㄩ潰骞跺紑濮嬪湪娑蹭綋姹犱腑涓婂崌銆傚湪姝ゆ皵娉′笂鏂�涓�釜涔嬪墠鑴辩鐨勬皵娉′篃姝ｅ湪娑蹭綋姹犱腑涓婂崌銆� ms鏃�杩欎釜姘旀场瀹屽叏鑴辩,鍚屾椂3涓柊鐨勫皬姘旀场鍦ㄨ繖3涓緝娲昏穬鐨勫姞鐑櫒涓婂垎鍒舰鎴愬苟鍦� ms鏃惰繀閫熻仛骞躲�姝ら樁娈电殑鐑祦鍙樺寲濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆傝瀹�span class="xref">鍥�鐨勬椂闂翠笌鍥�涓皵娉¤繍鍔ㄧ殑鏃堕棿鐩稿搴斻�鍥�涓� ms涔嬪墠鐨勪綆鐑祦瀵嗗害瀵瑰簲浜庢皵娉¤鐩栧姞鐑櫒銆傜敱浜庢皵娉＄殑鑴辩鍜屾柊姘旀场鐨勬垚鏍� 7 ms鏃剁儹娴佽繀閫熷鍔犲埌绗竴涓儹娴佸嘲鍊笺�杩欎簺姘旀场鑱氬苟涔嬪悗,姘旀场涓婄殑涓嶅钩琛′綔鐢ㄥ姏浣垮緱姘旀场鍦ㄥ姞鐑櫒涓婃尟鑽�鍔犵儹鍣ㄨ〃闈笉鍋滃湴琚恫浣撴鼎婀胯�鍚庡張琚皵娉¤鐩�鎺ヨЕ绾块绻佺┛杩囧姞鐑櫒,瀵艰嚧鍔犵儹鍣ㄤ笂棰戠箒浜х敓楂樼儹娴佸瘑搴�琛ㄧ幇涓�span class="xref">鍥�涓�10~25 ms鐑祦瀵嗗害鏇茬嚎宄板�涓嶆柇鎸崱銆傝澶氱爺绌惰�閮借璇嗗埌姘旀场鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓皵娉″簳閮ㄨ杽娑插眰鐨勮捀鍙戜細澧炲姞浼犵儹鐜�鏈爺绌朵腑涔熻娴嬪埌浜嗘皵娉¤仛骞惰繃绋嬩腑姘旀场涔嬮棿寰恫灞傜殑杩呴�钂稿彂瀵艰嚧楂樼儹娴佸瘑搴�濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆傝繖涓嶲iu绛�sup>[9]鐨勮瀵熺粨鏋滀笉鍚�鍦ㄥ叾瀹為獙涓病鏈夎瀵熷埌姘旀场铻嶅悎杩囩▼涓紶鐑巼鐨勬槑鏄惧彉鍖栥�24 ms鏃�鍔犵儹鍣�涓婂舰鎴愪簡涓�釜鏂扮殑姘旀场,杩欏鍔犵儹鍣�涓婃祴寰楃殑鐑祦瀵嗗害鍊煎奖鍝嶄笉澶с�鐢变簬鍔犵儹鍣ㄥ昂瀵稿緢灏�鏂板舰鎴愮殑姘旀场寰堝揩涓庡師鍏堣緝澶х殑姘旀场鑱氬苟,鑱氬苟瀵艰嚧姘旀场褰㈢姸鎸崱鑰岀晫闈㈤棿鐨勮〃闈㈠紶鍔涗娇姘旀场瓒嬩簬鐞冨舰骞舵鼎婀垮姞鐑櫒4銆傚湪31 ms鏃�鍔犵儹鍣�涓婂舰鎴愪竴涓柊鐨勬皵娉�濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず,姝ゆ椂鍥�鍑虹幇鐑祦宄板�II, 杈惧埌65 W/cm2銆傞殢鍚�鍑犱釜鍏朵粬鐨勫皬姘旀场褰㈡垚骞朵笌杩欎釜姘旀场铻嶅悎,鐩村埌45 ms鏃朵竴涓浉褰撳ぇ鐨勬皵娉″湪鍔犵儹鍣ㄤ笂褰㈡垚,瀵艰嚧鍥�鎵�ず鐨勪綆鐑祦瀵嗗害銆傜敱浜庡姞鐑櫒琛ㄩ潰姘旀场鑱氬苟鐨勪笉瑙勫垯杩愬姩鍜屽皬姘旀场涓庡ぇ姘旀场鐨勮瀺鍚�鑱氬苟姘旀场鐨勮劚绂婚鐜囦笉鏄浐瀹氱殑銆傚ぇ閲忕殑姘旀场褰㈡垚鍜岃繍鍔ㄤ互鍙婂皬姘旀场鍚戝ぇ姘旀场鐨勮仛骞舵湁鏃朵細瀵艰嚧鑱氬苟姘旀场杈冮暱鏃堕棿鍦板仠鐣欏湪鍔犵儹琛ㄩ潰涓�鍚屾椂棰濆鐨勬祦浣撹繍鍔ㄥ姞寮轰簡姘旀场涓庤繃鍐锋恫浣撻棿鐨勫娴佹崲鐑�Bonjour绛�sup>[8]鍚屾牱瑙傚療鍒颁簡鑱氬苟涔嬪悗姘旀场鑴辩棰戠巼鐨勯檷浣�浣嗗苟鏈缁嗘弿杩板叾鏈虹悊銆�/p>

鍥� 姘旀场鑱氬苟鍙婃柊姘旀场鐨勫舰鎴愬拰鑱氬苟(鎵�湁鍔犵儹鍣ㄦ俯搴︿负45 鈩�

鍥� 鍔犵儹鍣�鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴﹀彉鍖栨洸绾�妯酱鎵�ず鏃堕棿涓�lt;xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5-1000-0054-54-2-240"><a anchor="figure">鍥�</a></xref>涓殑鏃堕棿鐩稿搴�

濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず,姘旀场浠�1 ms寮�缂撴參鐢熼暱骞跺湪48 ms鏃惰劚绂�姘旀场鍜屽畠鍦ㄨ〃闈笂鐨勫�褰变箣闂存湁闈炲父灏忕殑鎺ヨЕ鍖哄煙),姝ゆ椂鐢变簬鍔犵儹鍣ㄨ杩囧喎娑蹭綋鍐嶆鼎婀�鐑祦瀵嗗害鍒拌揪86 W/cm2, 濡�span class="xref">鍥�涓殑宄板�III銆傛鍚� 51 ms鏃跺湪鍔犵儹鍣�涓婂舰鎴愬嚑涓柊鐨勬皵娉�浼撮殢涓�釜灏忕殑鐑祦瀵嗗害宄板�IV銆傝繖浜涙皵娉″湪53 ms鏃惰繀閫熻仛骞躲�鐢变簬鍔犵儹鍣�琚捀姘旇鐩�浣垮緱鐑祦瀵嗗害鍦ㄤ即闅忔恫浣撴帓鍑虹殑鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓繀閫熶笅闄�濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず銆傚綋姘旀场鑱氬苟鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ皵娉″舰鎴愪竴娈垫椂闂村悗,鐢变簬姘旀场闂磋杽娑插眰鐨勮捀鍙�鍙互瑙傚療鍒扮儹娴佸瘑搴︾殑宄板�; 褰撹仛骞跺彂鐢熷湪姘旀场褰㈡垚鍚�~2 ms涔嬪唴鏃�鐢变簬杩呯寷鐢熼暱鐨勬皵娉″皢钖勬恫灞傛帹绂�姝ゆ椂鐑祦瀵嗗害涓嶄細鍗囬珮,鐢氳嚦鏈夊彲鑳介檷浣庛�

Golobic绛�sup>[10]缁欏嚭浜嗗叧浜庝笉鍚岀敓闀块�鐜囨皵娉＄敓闀跨殑绫讳技鏈虹悊,蹇�鐢熼暱鐨勬皵娉″皢杩囩儹娑蹭綋浠庡懆鍥寸敓闀跨紦鎱㈢殑姘旀场搴曢儴鐨勮繃鐑闈笂鎺ㄧ銆備袱绉嶆皵娉″簳閮ㄦ恫浣撶殑杩欑杩愬姩閫犳垚浜嗕竴閮ㄥ垎缂撴參鐢熼暱姘旀场搴曢儴鍖哄煙鐑祦瀵嗗害鐨勯潪瀵圭О涓嬮檷銆傚鍥�鎵�ず, 53 ms 鏃惰仛骞剁殑姘旀场鍦�8 ms鏃惰劚绂�骞堕�鎴愪簡涓�釜50 W/cm2鐑祦瀵嗗害鐨勫嘲鍊糣銆�span class="xref">鍥�鏄剧ず鐨勬槸鍔犵儹鍣�鍦�0~90 ms鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︽暟鎹�涓�span class="xref">鍥�涓殑鏃堕棿鐩稿搴斻�鍥�涓殑鐑祦宄板�I瀵瑰簲浜�span class="xref">鍥�涓�5 ms鏃剁殑鏍稿寲鐑祦宄板�;鍥�涓殑鐑祦瀵嗗害宄板�III瀵瑰簲浜�span class="xref">鍥�涓殑宄板�VI, 闅忓悗鍦ㄤ竴涓緝闀跨殑鏃堕棿娈垫病鏈夋柊鐨勬皵娉′骇鐢熴�鍥�涓殑鐑祦宄板�II鏄敱浜庡姞鐑櫒7涓�2 ms鏃舵柊鐨勬皵娉℃牳鍖栭�鎴愮殑,濡�span class="xref">鍥�鎵�ず,浣嗘宄板�骞舵病鏈夊湪鍥�涓綋鐜板嚭鏉ャ�鍥�鏄剧ず姘旀场鍦�3 ms鏃惰繀閫熻仛骞�鑰屼粠鍥�鍜�涓苟娌℃湁瑙傚療鍒扮浉搴旂殑鐑祦瀵嗗害宄板�銆傝繖浜涚粨鏋滃啀娆¤〃鏄�鑱氬苟浣垮緱娑蹭綋鍦ㄨ捀鍙戜箣鍓嶈蹇�鎺ㄧ銆�/p>

鍥� 鍚堝苟杩囩▼涓恫浣撴帓鍑烘椂鍔犵儹鍣�鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴﹀彉鍖栨洸绾�/span>

2.2 姘旀场鐢熼暱鍜岃仛骞惰繃绋嬬悊璁哄垎鏋�/span>

绫绘瘮Rayleigh[12]鐨勫潎鐩告ā鍨�蹇�鑱氬苟瀵艰嚧娑蹭綋鎺掑嚭鑰屼骇鐢熺儹娴佸嘲鍊肩殑鐜拌薄鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓潪鍧囧寑姘旀场鐢熼暱妯″瀷鏉ユā鎷熴�璇ユā鍨嬪亣璁惧湪鎯�鎺у埗鐨勭敓闀挎湡鍐�姘旀场璧峰垵娌垮闈㈣繀閫熺敓闀夸负涓�釜鍗婄悆銆傚湪杩欎竴闃舵,姘旀场鍗婂緞鐢盧ayleigh姘旀场鐢熼暱鏂圭▼缁欏嚭,

R(t)=23Tw-Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)hlv蟻v蟻l12t.

鍏朵腑: Tw涓哄闈㈡俯搴� P鈭�/mi>涓虹幆澧冨帇鍔� hlv涓烘苯鍖栨綔鐑� 蟻v鍜�em> 蟻l鍒嗗埆琛ㄧず钂告皵鍜屾恫浣撶殑瀵嗗害銆傚湪鏈爺绌朵腑,瀵逛簬闈炲潎鍖�皵娉＄敓闀�鐢ㄥ闈㈡俯搴︽潵鏇挎崲Rayleigh妯″瀷涓殑鐜娓╁害,鏉ヨ繎浼煎緱鍒扮敓闀挎皵娉″懆鍥磋繃鐑恫浣撳眰鐨勫垵濮嬫祦浣撴俯搴︺�鍦ㄦ垚鏍镐箣鍓�绱ч潬澹侀潰鐨勬恫浣撴俯搴﹀嚑涔庝笌澹侀潰娓╁害鐩哥瓑,澹侀潰闄勮繎鐨勬恫浣撳眰杩囩儹銆傜敱浜庡垵濮嬬敓闀块樁娈电殑姘旀场闈炲父灏�姘旀场鍛ㄥ洿鐨勬恫浣撴俯搴︽洿鎺ヨ繎澹佹俯,鑰屼笉鏄ケ鍜屾俯搴︺�杩欎釜蹇�鐢熼暱鐨勫崐鐞冨舰姘旀场闅忓悗灏嗘皵娉′箣闂存湭钂稿彂鐨勬恫浣撳眰浠庢皵娉￠棿鎺ㄧ,鑰屽彂鐢熺紦鎱㈣仛骞舵椂,姘旀场闂寸殑娑蹭綋灞傝鍥板湪姘旀场涔嬮棿,鏇村�鍚戜簬钂稿彂鑰屼笉鏄鐢熼暱鐨勬皵娉℃帹绂�骞朵笖浼撮殢寰堥珮鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︺�

闅忕潃鎯�鎺у埗鐨勬皵娉＄敓闀块�搴︾殑鍑忔參,姘旀场鐢熼暱閫愭笎杩涘叆浼犵儹鎺у埗鐨勭敓闀挎湡銆傚湪姝ゆ湡闂淬�姘旀场鐢熼暱鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓被浼糓ikic鍜孯ohsenow[13]妯″瀷鐨勬ā鍨嬫潵鎻忚堪銆傝妯″瀷鍋囪姘旀场鐨勭瓑寰呮椂闂存槸浣庡闈㈣繃鐑害鏉′欢涓嬫恫灞傚姞鐑殑鐗瑰緛鏃堕棿,浣嗘槸鏈疄楠屾墍閲囩敤鐨勯珮澹侀潰杩囩儹搴︿娇寰楀墠涓�釜姘旀场鑴辩鍚�鏂扮殑姘旀场杩呴�浜х敓,鍥犳绛夊緟鏃堕棿骞朵笉鏄壒寰佸姞鐑椂闂淬�鏈枃涓殑妯″瀷浣跨敤涓庝互寰�爺绌剁浉鍚岀殑鍋囪,鍗冲亣璁炬皵娉′笂鏂硅鍔犵儹鐨勬恫浣撳眰杩炲悓姘旀场鐣岄潰涓�捣杩愬姩,骞朵笖鐢变簬娴佷綋瀵规祦寮曡捣鐨勭儹閲忎紶閫掑彲浠ュ拷鐣ャ�姝ゆā鍨嬪悓鏃惰繕鍋囧畾鑴辩鐨勬皵娉¤涓庡彈鐑闈㈢浉閭荤殑姘村钩娑蹭綋灞傛墍鍙栦唬銆傚亣瀹氭恫浣撳眰琚姞鐑殑鏃堕棿鏄钩鍧囪劚绂绘椂闂� td, 鑰屼笉鏄疢ikic鍜孯ohsenow妯″瀷涓殑骞冲潎绛夊緟鏃堕棿銆傛鏃�浼犵儹鎺у埗鐨勭敓闀挎湡鍐呮皵娉″崐寰勭殑浼扮畻鍏紡涓�/p>

R(t)=2Ja3蟺伪lt蟺1-Tw-T鈭�/mi>Tw-Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)t4td.(1)

鍏朵腑: 伪l涓烘恫浣撶殑鐑墿鏁ｇ郴鏁� T鈭�/mi>涓虹幆澧冩俯搴� td涓哄钩鍧囪劚绂绘椂闂� Ja鏄熀浜庡闈㈡俯搴︿笌楗卞拰娓╁害鍙樊鐨勪慨姝akob鏁�

Ja=蟻lcp,lTw-Tsat蟻vhlv.

鍏朵腑, cp,l涓烘恫浣撶殑姣斿畾鍘嬬儹瀹广�

浠や袱绉嶆皵娉＄洿寰勭浉绛�鍙互浼扮畻鐢辨儻鎬ф帶鍒剁敓闀挎湡鍚戜紶鐑帶鍒剁敓闀挎湡鐨勮繃娓℃椂闂�

ttrans=2Ja3蟺伪l蟺23Tw-Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)hlv蟻v蟻l12+Ja3蟺伪l蟺Tw-T鈭�/mi>Tw-Tsat(P鈭�/mi>)1td2.(2)

寮�2)涓垎姣嶇殑绗�椤瑰緢灏�鍦ㄥぇ澶氭暟鎯呭喌涓嬪彲浠ュ拷鐣ャ�鍦‵C-72娑蹭綋杩囧喎搴︿负10 鈩� 澹侀潰杩囩儹搴︿负8 鈩冪殑宸ュ喌涓�鍒╃敤寮�2)鍙互寰楀嚭鍏惰繃娓℃椂闂村皬浜�.1 ms銆傚疄楠岃娴嬪埌鐨勮繃娓℃椂闂寸害涓� ms, 杩滃ぇ浜庝笂杩拌绠楁墍寰楃殑杩囨浮鏃堕棿,姘旀场鑱氬苟鏈熼棿鐑祦瀵嗗害鍑犱箮娌℃湁澧炲姞銆傚湪姘旀场褰㈡垚瓒呰繃1~2 ms鍚�鐢变簬鑱氬苟姘旀场涓嬫柟婊炴鐨勬恫浣撳眰鐨勫奖鍝�鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓紶鐑ぇ澶у鍔犮�

2.3 鑱氬苟鏁�/span>

瀹氫箟鏃犻噺绾插弬鏁扳�鈥旇仛骞舵暟 Ncoal, 鏉ュ叧鑱斾笉鍚屾皵娉＄敓闀挎湡鐨勬皵娉″崐寰�

Ncoal=浼犵儹鎺у埗鐨勭敓闀垮崐寰�/mi>鎯�鎺у埗鐨勭敓闀垮崐寰�/mi>.Ncoal=2Ja3蟺伪l蟺tcoal23Tw-TsatTsathlv蟻v蟻l12.(3)

鍏朵腑, tcoal涓鸿仛骞舵椂闂淬�绠�崟璧疯,姝ゅ蹇界暐浜嗗紡(1)涓腑鎷彿鍐呯殑绗�椤瑰拰寮�2)涓垎姣嶇殑绗�椤广�寮�3)鍙互杩涗竴姝ョ畝鍖栦负

Ncoal=Jatcoalkl蟻lTsathlv蟻v.

鍦ㄦ湰鏂囩殑瀹為獙鏉′欢涓�閫氳繃瀹為獙瑙傛祴姘旀场鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓儹娴佹槸鍚﹀鍔�鍙互寰楀埌浠庢儻鎬ф帶鍒剁敓闀�鑱氬苟鍚庣儹娴佸瘑搴﹂檷浣�鍒扮儹鎺у埗鐢熼暱(鑱氬苟鍚庣儹娴佸瘑搴﹀崌楂�鎵�搴旂殑 tcoal绾︾瓑浜� ms銆傜浉搴斿湴,浠庢儻鎬ф帶鍒剁敓闀挎湡鍒颁紶鐑帶鍒剁敓闀挎湡杩囨浮鐨勮仛骞舵暟绾︿负0 .2銆�/p>

鑻�em> Ncoal >0 .2, 姘旀场鐢熼暱鐩村埌鑱氬苟鍙楁儻鎬ф帶鍒�涓旇仛骞跺彂鐢熻繀閫�鐑祦瀵嗗害澧炲姞寰堝皯鎴栨病鏈夊鍔犮�蹇�鐢熼暱鐨勬皵娉′娇寰楁恫浣撳眰鐡﹁В,骞跺皢姘旀场闂寸殑娑蹭綋浠庤仛骞舵皵娉″拰鐢熼暱姘旀场涓帹绂汇�

鑻�em> Ncoal <0 .2, 鑱氬苟涔嬪墠鐨勬皵娉＄敓闀垮彈浼犵儹鎺у埗,鑱氬苟鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ皵娉″舰鎴愬悗涓�杈冮暱鐨勬椂闂村唴銆傝繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅姘旀场鏇磋秼鍚戜簬鐞冨舰,鑰屼笉鏄崐鐞冨舰,鑱氬苟姘旀场涓嬫柟浼氱矘婊炰竴灞傛恫浣�杩欏眰娑蹭綋鍦ㄨ仛骞惰繃绋嬩腑钂稿彂,浠庤�瀵艰嚧寰堥珮鐨勪紶鐑巼銆�/p>

3 缁�璁�/span>

杩囧喎姹犳哺鑵句腑鐨勬皵娉¤仛骞剁幇璞′細瀵艰嚧鏄庢樉鐨勬皵娉¤繍鍔�浠庤�寮曡捣娑蹭綋鐨勮繍鍔�骞朵娇寰楁皵娉′笅鏂瑰闈㈢殑涓婄儹娴佸瘑搴︽�鍓у彉鍖�杩欑鐑祦瀵嗗害鐨勫彉鍖栬繙澶т簬娌歌吘杩囩▼涓病鏈夎仛骞舵椂鐨勬儏褰�鏈枃閫氳繃瀹為獙鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑:

1) 姘旀场鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓細褰㈡垚璁稿寰堥珮鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴﹀嘲鍊�杩滈珮浜庡彧鏈夊崟姘旀场娌歌吘鏃剁殑鎯呭舰銆備笌浠呮湁鍗曟皵娉℃哺鑵剧殑鎯呭舰鐩告瘮,姘旀场鑱氬苟杩囩▼涓皵娉¤繍鍔ㄥ鑷村彈鐑闈㈡洿鍔犻绻佸湴鍐嶆鼎婀�澶ч噺鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴﹂珮宄板鍔犱簡杩囧喎姹犳哺鑵捐繃绋嬩腑鐨勬�浼犵儹閲忋�鐒惰�,瀹為獙瑙傛祴鍙戠幇,鍙湁鍦ㄦ皵娉″舰鎴愯緝闀挎椂闂村悗鍙戠敓鐨勮仛骞舵墠鑳戒娇鐑祦瀵嗗害澧炲姞銆傚綋鑱氬苟鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ皵娉″舰鎴愬悗1 ~2 ms鏃�姘旀场涔嬮棿琛ㄩ潰鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︿笉鍗囧弽闄嶃�鑱氬苟鏁�em> Ncoal <0 .2鏃朵細鍙戠敓杩欑鐜拌薄銆傚姘旀场鐢熼暱鏈虹悊鐨勫垎鏋愯〃鏄�娌℃湁瀵艰嚧鐑祦瀵嗗害澧炲姞鐨勫揩閫熻仛骞跺彲浠ュ綊鍥犱簬姘旀场鐢熼暱浠嶅浜庢儻鎬х敓闀挎湡銆傚浜庣紦鎱㈢敓闀跨殑姘旀场,褰撹揪鍒拌仛骞舵椂姘旀场鐨勭敓闀垮凡缁忓浜庝紶鐑帶鍒剁殑鐢熼暱鏈�杩欎娇寰楁皵娉℃洿瓒嬩簬鐞冨舰鑰屼笉鏄揩閫熺敓闀挎椂鍛堢幇鐨勫崐鐞冨舰銆傜紦鎱㈢敓闀跨殑姘旀场浼氬湪姘旀场涔嬮棿婊炵暀涓�釜娑蹭綋灞�闅忓悗娑蹭綋灞傝捀鍙戜娇寰楃儹娴佸瘑搴﹀鍔犮�

2) 鑱氬苟鍚庡姞鐑櫒琛ㄩ潰涓婃皵娉＄殑鏄捐憲鎸崱浼氬鑷村姞鐑櫒琛ㄩ潰鐨勯绻佸湴鍐嶆鼎婀�杩欎娇寰楁皵娉′笌鍏堕檮杩戝叾浠栨皵娉¤仛骞剁殑鍙兘鎬у澶с�姘旀场鑴辩鎴栫紦鎱㈣仛骞舵湡闂撮潪甯搁珮鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴﹁〃鏄�姝ゆ椂浠庤繃鐑恫浣撳悜澹侀潰鐨勭灛鎬佺儹浼犲鏄暣涓哺鑵惧懆鏈熷唴鏈�噸瑕佺殑浼犵儹鏈虹悊銆傛皵娉″舰鎴愯繃绋嬩腑鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴︿篃寰堥珮,浣嗕粛浣庝簬姘旀场鑴辩鏃剁殑鐑祦瀵嗗害銆備即闅忚仛骞惰�澧炲己鐨勬皵娉¤繍鍔ㄩ�甯镐細瀵艰嚧鍦ㄤ竴娈垫椂闂村嚭鐜伴珮鐑祦瀵嗗害,浠庤�浣垮緱骞冲潎浼犵儹鐜囨樉钁楀鍔犮�姘旀场鐨勮劚绂诲拰褰㈡垚閮戒細閫犳垚鐭殏鑰屽皷閿愮殑鐑祦宄板�銆傚湪澹侀潰杩囩儹搴︿负8 鈩冦� 娑蹭綋杩囧喎搴︿负10 鈩冪殑鏉′欢涓�姘旀场鑴辩杩囩▼涓殑鐑祦瀵嗗害杈惧埌86 W/cm2銆傜紦鎱㈣仛骞舵湡闂寸儹娴佸瘑搴﹁揪鍒�5 W/cm2, 鐣ラ珮浜庢皵娉″舰鎴愭椂鐨勭儹娴佸瘑搴�鍏舵寔缁椂闂撮潪甯哥煭鏆傘�

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

鍙傝�鏂囩尞
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