Health damage assessment model for construction dust
鏂藉伐绮夊皹鍋ュ悍鎹熷閲忓寲璇勪环
寮曠敤鏈枃
鏉庡皬鍐� 鑻忚垝, 榛勫ぉ鍋� 鏂藉伐绮夊皹鍋ュ悍鎹熷閲忓寲璇勪环. 2015, 55(1): 50-55[Xiaodong LI, Shu SU, Tianjian HUANG. Health damage assessment model for construction dust[J]. 2015, 55(1): 50-55]
Health damage assessment model for construction dust
Xiaodong LI, Shu SU, Tianjian HUANG
Department of Construction Management,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Fund:
Abstract
Construction dust is one of the most significant occupational health threats for field workers. Thus, the impact of dust on human health must be accurately evaluated to improve building health impact assessments and occupational health management. A health risk evaluation system and building health impact assessment system were used to develop a health damage assessment model to evaluate the effects of dust pollution from various construction activities at different stages and to monetize the evaluation results. A typical residential building in Beijing is used as a case sample with major activities at the main structure construction stage as evaluated objectives to illustrate the evaluation steps and demonstrate the model's application and operation. The health effect analysis among worker groups shows obvious differences in the dust pollution among various construction activities, with carpenters suffering the most health damage from dust during the main structure construction stage.
Keyword:
environmental impact assessment; health damage; quantitative assessment; construction dust
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... 杩欎簺璇勪环閮介拡瀵瑰煄甯傚尯鍩熺幆澧冩薄鏌�鍏蜂綋鍒版柦宸ヨ繃绋嬩腑鍋ュ悍鎹熷璇勪环,鐩稿瀹屽杽鐨勬柟娉曟槸BHIAS(building health impact assessment system)[4]浣撶郴 ...
... 鍋ュ悍鎹熷閲忓寲璇勪环鏂规硶[4]鏄熀浜庣梾鐞嗗銆佺幆澧冩瘨鐞嗗浠ュ強LCA璇勪环妗嗘灦鐨勪竴濂楁竻鍗曡瘎浠锋柟娉�閫氳繃褰掑鍒嗘瀽銆佹晥搴斿垎鏋愬強鎹熷鍒嗘瀽瀵瑰悇姹℃煋鐗╁湪浜轰綋浜х敓鐨勬崯瀹崇粓绔繘琛岄噺鍖栬瘎浠�璇勪环缁撴灉鐢―ALY(disability adjust life year)鍊艰〃绀�...
Human exposure factor plays a critical role in health risk assessment. This paper investigates human exposure factors of Chinese people based on the reference of the framework of the US EPA exposure factors handbook and the statistical analysis of current nation-wide surveys and relevant literatures. Thefactors are categorized into three types: ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation. Results show that inhalation rates vary with different ages, and range from 5.71 to 19.02 m3/d. For people below 18 years old, inhalation rates indifferent activity modes show no statistically significant differences between males and females. However, for people from 18 to 60 years old, inhalation rates for males are higher than for females. Daily dietary intake of adults is 1176.3 g, among which ingestion of rice and flour products is 23% and 13% of the total daily dietary intake, respectively. Body surface area of adults is 1.697 m2 for males and 1.531 m2 for females. Body weight of adults is 62.70 kg for males and 54.40 kg for females. Results show 2.5%-33.3% differences of exposure factors between this study and those reported in the US EPA exposure factor handbook. The use of exposure factors inform the US EPA or other countries in exposure or health risk assessment may cause bias. There is urgent need to carry out nation-wide research and survey on exposure factors for Chinese people.
鏇规柊棰�/name>. 浜т笟鍖栦綇瀹呬笌浼犵粺浣忓畢寤鸿鐜褰卞搷璇勪环鍙婃瘮杈冪爺绌�[D]. 鍖椾含: 娓呭崕澶у, 2012. CAOXinying. Environmental Impact Assessment and Compratative Studies on Industrialized House and Traditional House Construction [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2012. (in Chinese)
The 26 indoor dust samples from 13 households were collected during winter and summer in Tianjin. Using CH2Cl2 and ultrasonic extraction for extraction and separation, gas chromatograph鈥搈ass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was applied to analyze DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, DOP. And then the pollution characteristics and assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from indoor dust were studied. The results were as followed: The concentration for DEHP was the highest, and then came DBP in household dust in winter and summer, collectively accounting for more than 80% of the total concentrations in the samples. In winter, the concentrations of 鈭慞AEs were from 1.498 to 32.587 渭g/g, the average concentration was (6.772卤8.154) 渭g/g; While in summer, ranging from 1.981 to 40.041渭g/g and (13.406卤12.911) 渭g/g, respectively. The PAEs concentrations in household dust varied significantly, which were higher in summer than those in winter. The total exposures of PAEs (DBP, DEHP, DEP, BBP) for children and adults in summer were higher than those in winter, and also through the mouth than the skin. The exposures of phthalate esters for children were about 10 times higher than those for adults. For adults and children, the highest exposure of PAEs (DBP, DEHP, DEP, BBP) were both found in summer. The PAEs pollution in indoor dust and human exposure in Tianjin were lightly less than in Germany and USA; And in the same level with 6 Chinese cities for total exposure, except DEHP. The importance of young children鈥檚 exposure to PAEs in indoor environment should be paid more attention.
