当前, 无线通信业务朝着高数据率、高动态性方向发展, 给传统蜂窝网络带来了极大的挑战。对此, 引入小基站(例如: 微基站、皮基站)关断机制的异构蜂窝网络是一种有效的解决方案, 可以兼顾服务质量和网络能耗。系统进行小基站开关调度须基于小基站与用户通信的信道状态信息, 然而, 由于关断的小基站处于静默状态, 系统无法通过信道估计获得上述信息。为了解决这一问题, 该文提出了小基站周期性开启方案。在该方案中, 系统周期性地开启小基站, 获得用户与小基站通信的信道信息;用户通过宏基站发起接入请求时, 系统利用最近一次小基站开启时获得的信道信息进行网络调度决策。周期的设计是影响该方案实施效果的关键性因素, 一方面决定了小基站周期性开启需要付出的能量消耗代价, 另一方面又决定了信道信息的实时性, 从而影响网络调度的效果。该文关注网络的总能耗, 将其分为小基站周期性开启消耗的能量和用户服务消耗的能量, 并得到了能够实现网络总能耗最小化的周期设计方案。
Abstract
The development of wireless traffic toward high data rates and high dynamism has brought great challenges to traditional cellular networks. Heterogeneous networks with small base-station sleeping are an effective solution to this problem, which balances service quality and network energy consumption. The scheduling of small base-stations should be based on the status information about the channel between users and small base-stations. However, once the small base-stations are turned off, they switch to the sleeping mode, thus the system is unable to obtain the aforementioned information. To solve this problem, this paper presents a periodical opening mechanism for small base-stations: the system periodically opens the small base-stations to obtain channel information between the users and the small base-stations; once the users send an access request via the macro base-stations, the system makes the correspondent decision on the basis of the channel information obtained when the small base-stations were open at the last time. The design of the opening cycle is a key factor influencing the effect of this mechanism. This paper divides the total energy consumption of the network into two parts, the energy consumption for periodical opening of small base-stations and the energy consumption for user service, and works out an optimal cycle design solution balancing the two parts and minimizing the total energy consumption.
关键词
异构网络 /
宏蜂窝 /
小蜂窝 /
节能 /
基站关断
Key words
heterogeneous networks (HetNet) /
macro-cell /
small-cell /
energy saving /
sleeping
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Fettweis G P, Zimmermann E. ICT energy consumption: Trends and challenges [C]//Proc 11th Int Symp Wireless Personal Multimedia Commun. Lapland, Finland, 2008.
[2] Marsan M A, Chiaraviglio L, Ciullo D, et al. Optimal energy savings in cellular access networks [C]//IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops. Dresden, 2009: 1-5.
[3] Cisco Systems Inc. Cisco visual networking index: Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2011—2016 [R]. San Jose, CA, USA, 2012.
[4] ZHOU Shidong, ZHAO Ming, XU Xibin, et al. Distributed wireless communication system: A new architecture for future public wireless access [J]. IEEE Commun Mag, 2003, 41(3): 108-113.
[5] Otsuka H, Ichimura Y, Sakamoto Y, et al. Considerations of small cell strategy in mobile communication systems [C]//2013 European Microwave Conference (EuMC). Nuremberg, 2013: 1259-1262.
[6] Pak Y, Min K, Choi S. Performance evaluation of various small-cell deployment scenarios in small-cell networks [C]//The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE 2014). Jeju Island, 2014: 1-2.
[7] WANG He, ZHOU Xiangyun, Reed M C. Coverage and throughput analysis with a non-uniform small cell deployment [J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2014, 13(4): 2047-2059.
[8] Auer G, Blume O, Giannini V, et al. Energy efficiency analysis of the reference systems, areas of improvements and target breakdown, D2.3 [R]. Earth Project, 2010.
[9] Willkomm D, Machiraju S, Bolot J, el al. Primary user behavior in cellular networks and implications for dynamic spectrum access [J]. IEEE Commun Mag, 2009, 47(3): 88-95.
[10] Ashraf I, Boccardi F, Ho L. SLEEP mode techniques for small cell deployments [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2011, 49(8): 72-79.
[11] Vereecken W, Deruyck W, Colle D, et al. Evaluation of the potential for energy saving in macrocell and femtocell networks using a heuristic introducing sleep modes in base stations[J/OL]. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012: 170. http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2012/1/170.
[12] De D A, Gupta R, Calvanese S E. Dynamic traffic management for green open access femtocell networks [C]//2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). Yokohama, 2012: 1-6.
[13] LIU Chengzhe, PAN Zhiwen, LIU Nan, et al. A novel energy saving strategy for LTE HetNet [C]//2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP). Nanjing, 2011: 1-4.
[14] Chiaraviglio L, Ciullo D, Meo M, et al. Energy-efficient management of UMTS access networks [C]//21st International Teletraffic Congress. Paris, 2009: 1-8.
[15] Pekka K, Juha M, Lassi H, et al. WINNER II Channel Models, D1.1.2 V1.1 [R]. WINNER II, 2007.
[16] Lei Z, Rose C. Probability criterion based location tracking approach for mobility management of personal communication systems [C]//Proc IEEE Globecom. Phoenix, USA, 1997: 977-981.
[17] 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0. Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8) [S]. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM), 2009.
[18] HuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd. Introduciton of the macro-cell base station for TD-SCDMA [R]. Shanghai, 2012.
[19] Hassibi B, Hochwald B M. How much training is needed in multiple-antenna wireless links? [J]. IEEE Trans Information Theory, 2003, 49(4): 951-963.
[20] Jakes W C. Microwave Mobile Communications [M]. Wiley-IEEE Press, 1994.
PDF(1172 KB)
