低气压环境对固体燃烧特性影响的实验研究

冯瑞, 田润和, 陈科位, 叶君健, 张辉

清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2) : 111-121.

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2) : 111-121. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.25.054
物理与物理工程

低气压环境对固体燃烧特性影响的实验研究

  • 冯瑞1, 田润和2, 陈科位3, 叶君健4, 张辉1
作者信息 +

Experimental study of the effect of low pressures on solid fuel combustion characteristics

  • FENG Rui1, TIAN Runhe2, CHEN Kewei3, YE Junjian4, ZHANG Hui1
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摘要

飞机货舱火灾已成为巡航飞机的主要安全威胁之一，它的发生会造成巨大的财产和人员伤亡。该文以航空货运中常见的瓦楞纸箱为对象，在低压舱中开展了不同数量纸箱火（纸箱火可代表A类固体火）实验，测量了燃烧过程中的质量燃烧速率、火焰轴向辐射热通量和火焰温度等特征参量。首先，采用修正的B-number理论，从传热传质角度推导低气压对固体燃烧速率行为的影响规律；其次，分析了不同纸箱放置情况下，火焰辐射热通量和中心线温度分布的变化规律。结果表明：湍流固体火灾燃烧速率的压力表达式为ṁ"∝ ChP2/3+CrP3/2，进而通过实验验证了该表达式，同时给出经验关系式ṁ∝P1.3；发现辐射热通量整体上呈先升高后下降趋势，R2的辐射热通量相比其他位置更大；火焰温度最大值为800℃，位于火焰的连续区。该文从理论和实验两方面揭示了不同低压环境下固体燃料的火灾行为特征，为航空火险救援提供依据。

Abstract

Cargo compartment fire has become the major security threat for cruising aircraft that can cause huge property and casualties. The effects of low pressures on common solid fuel fire behavior in air freight was studied using different amounts of corrugated cartons can represent typical Class A solid fuel fires. Mass burning rate, radiative heat flux, and flame axial temperature had been measured as the principal characteristic parameters during the combustion process. The modified B-number theory was employed to model the burning rate behavior of solid fuel. The theoretical relationship between the burning rate and the ambient pressure for a turbulent solid fuel fire is ṁ"∝ ChP2/3+CrP3/2. The experimental results showed that the modified pressure index is 1.3. In addition, the flame radiant heat flux and centerline temperature distribution were analyzed to indicate that the radiant heat flux first increased and then decreased. The radiant heat flux at the R2 location was greater than at other locations. The maximum flame temperatures was 800℃ in the flame zone. The solid fuel fire behavior under reduced pressure environment was investigated from both theoretical and experimental aspects, which provided a basis for aviation fire insurance.

关键词

瓦楞纸箱火 / 低气压环境 / 质量燃烧速率 / 有焰燃烧 / B-number

Key words

corrugated cardboard box fire / low ambient pressure / burning rate / flaming combustion / B-number

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冯瑞, 田润和, 陈科位, 叶君健, 张辉. 低气压环境对固体燃烧特性影响的实验研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2019, 59(2): 111-121 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.25.054
FENG Rui, TIAN Runhe, CHEN Kewei, YE Junjian, ZHANG Hui. Experimental study of the effect of low pressures on solid fuel combustion characteristics[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2019, 59(2): 111-121 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.25.054

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基金

国家重大研发计划（2017YFC0803300）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（91646201，U1633203）；民航重大专项（MHRD20160103）

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