基于CNN和RNN的自由文本击键模式持续身份认证

芦效峰, 张胜飞, 伊胜伟

清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2018, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12) : 1072-1078.

PDF(2205 KB)
横山亮次奖  |  百年刊庆  |  中文  |  English
PDF(2205 KB)
清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2018, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12) : 1072-1078. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.26.048
计算机科学与技术

基于CNN和RNN的自由文本击键模式持续身份认证

  • 芦效峰1, 张胜飞1, 伊胜伟2
作者信息 +

Free-text keystroke continuous authentication using CNN and RNN

  • LU Xiaofeng1, ZHANG Shengfei1, YI Shengwei2
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

个人击键节奏模式具有很难被模仿的特点并可以用于身份认证。根据个人自由文本输入时的击键数据可以学习到个人独有的击键模式。基于对用户自由文本击键输入的检测，能够在不影响用户输入的情况下完成对用户身份的持续认证。该文提出将整体击键数据划分成固定长度的击键序列，并且根据击键的时间特征将击键序列中的击键时间数据转化成击键向量。使用卷积神经网络（convolutional neural networks，CNN）加循环神经网络（recurrent neural networks，RNN）的模型进行个人击键向量序列进行学习，用于身份认证。结果表明：模型使用公开数据集进行实验获得最优拒真率（false rejection rate，FRR）为1.95%，容假率（false acceptance rate，FAR）为4.12%，相等错误率（equal error rate，EER）为3.04%。

Abstract

Personal keystroke input patterns are difficult to imitate and can be used for identity authentication. The personal keystroke input data for a free-text can be used to learn the unique keystroke mode of a person. Detection based on a user's free-text keystrokes can be used for continuous identity authentication without affecting the user input. This paper presents a model that divides the keystroke data into fixed-length keystroke sequences and converts the keystroke time data in the keystroke sequence into a keystroke vector according to the time characteristics of the keystrokes. A convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network are then used to learn the sequences of the personal keystroke vectors for identity authentication. The model was tested on an open data set with an optimal false rejection rate (FRR) of 1.95%, a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 4.12%, and an equal error rate (EER) of 3.04%.

关键词

身份认证 / 击键动力学 / 自由文本 / 卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN) / 循环神经网络(recurrent neural networks,RNN)

Key words

authentication / keystroke dynamics / free-text / convolutional neural networks / recurrent neural networks

引用本文

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

导出引用
芦效峰, 张胜飞, 伊胜伟. 基于CNN和RNN的自由文本击键模式持续身份认证[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2018, 58(12): 1072-1078 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.26.048
LU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Shengfei, YI Shengwei. Free-text keystroke continuous authentication using CNN and RNN[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2018, 58(12): 1072-1078 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.26.048

参考文献

[1] BERGADANO F, GUNETTI D, PICARDI C. User authentication through keystroke dynamics[J]. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, 2002, 5(4):367-397.
[2] MAAS A, HEATHER C, DO C T, et al. Offering verified credentials in massive open online courses:MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity Symposium)[J]. Ubiquity, 2014, 2014(5):1-11.
[3] RYBNIK M, TABEDZKI M, ADAMSKI M, et al. An exploration of keystroke dynamics authentication using non-fixed text of various length[C]//Proceedings of 2013 International Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering. Tokyo, Japan:IEEE, 2013:245-250.
[4] ALSHANKETI F, TRAORE I, AHMED A A. Improving performance and usability in mobile keystroke dynamic biometric authentication[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops. San Jose, USA:IEEE, 2016:66-73.
[5] ALI M L, THAKUR K, TAPPERT C C, et al. Keystroke biometric user verification using hidden Markov model[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing. Beijing, China:IEEE, 2016:204-209.
[6] YADAV J, PANDEY K, GUPTA S, et al. Keystroke dynamics based authentication using fuzzy logic[C]//Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Contemporary Computing. Noida, India:IEEE, 2017:1-6.
[7] MAXION R A, KILLOURHY K S. Keystroke biometrics with number-pad input[C]//Proceedings of 2010 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks. Chicago, USA:IEEE, 2010:201-210.
[8] KAMBOURAKIS G, DAMOPOULOS D, PAPAMARTZIVANOS D, et al. Introducing touchstroke:Keystroke-based authentication system for smartphones[J]. Security and Communication Networks, 2016, 9(6):542-554.
[9] ANTAL M, SZABÓ L Z. An evaluation of one-class and two-class classification algorithms for keystroke dynamics authentication on mobile devices[C]//Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science. Bucharest, Romania:IEEE, 2015:343-350.
[10] BOURS P. Continuous keystroke dynamics:A different perspective towards biometric evaluation[J]. Information Security Technical Report, 2012, 17(1-2):36-43.
[11] HUANG J J, HOU D Q, SCHUCKERS S, et al. Effect of data size on performance of free-text keystroke authentication[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis. Hong Kong, China:IEEE, 2015:1-7.
[12] SUN Y, CEKER H, UPADHYAYA S. Shared keystroke dataset for continuous authentication[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates:IEEE, 2016:1-6.
[13] VURAL E, HUANG J J, HOU D Q, et al. Shared research dataset to support development of keystroke authentication[C]//Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics. Clearwater, USA:IEEE, 2014:1-8.
[14] GUNETTI D, PICARDI C. Keystroke analysis of free text[J]. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, 2005, 8(3):312-347.
[15] MURPHY C, HUANG J J, HOU D Q, et al. Shared dataset on natural human-computer interaction to support continuous authentication research[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics. Denver, USA:IEEE, 2017:525-530.
[16] HUANG J J, HOU D Q, SCHUCKERS S, et al. Benchmarking keystroke authentication algorithms[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. Rennes, France:IEEE, 2017:1-6.
[17] SHIMSHON T, MOSKOVITCH R, ROKACH L, et al. Continuous verification using keystroke dynamics[C]//Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. Nanning, China:IEEE, 2010:411-415.
[18] AHMED A A, TRAORE I. Biometric recognition based on free-text keystroke dynamics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2014, 44(4):458-472.
[19] PUTRI A N, ASNAR Y D W, AKBAR S. A continuous fusion authentication for Android based on keystroke dynamics and touch gesture[C]//Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering. Denpasar, Indonesia:IEEE, 2016:1-6.
[20] LI B R, SUN H, GAO Y, et al. Enhanced free-text keystroke continuous authentication based on dynamics of wrist motion[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. Rennes, France:IEEE, 2017:1-6.

PDF(2205 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
段落导航
相关文章
扫码关注，本刊微信公众号
地址：清华大学东门外学研大厦B座605A室　
邮编：100084
电话：010-62788108/62771385/62792976/62792994　
E-mail：xuebaost@tsinghua.edu.cn
访问统计
    总访问量
    今日访问
    在线人数
　
版权所有 © 《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》编辑部

/

〈 〉