中国聚氯乙烯树脂与助剂动态物质流分析

蒋晓斌; 江健; 周文戟; 陈定江; 郭宝华; 朱兵

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.21.010

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9) : 779-786. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.21.010

化学与化学工程

中国聚氯乙烯树脂与助剂动态物质流分析

蒋晓斌¹, 江健¹, 周文戟², 陈定江^1,3, 郭宝华^1,4, 朱兵^1,3

作者信息 +

Dynamic material flow analysis of polyvinyl chloride resin and additives in China

JIANG Xiaobin¹, JIANG Jian¹, ZHOU Wenji², CHEN Dingjiang^1,3, GUO Baohua^1,4, ZHU Bing^1,3

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文章历史 +

摘要

中国已成为全球最大的聚氯乙烯（PVC）塑料生产国和消费国，并面临着PVC塑料广泛使用所带来的各种环境风险。该文构建了用于定量测算PVC树脂及其助剂流量和存量的动态物质流模型，以展现PVC树脂及其助剂在8类制品、6大应用领域和4类废弃物管理方法之间的复杂流动路径与存量分布。结果表明，1978—2017年PVC树脂和助剂的累计产量为2.54亿t。城镇化的推进使得硬制品逐渐占据PVC塑料制品主流，但软制品仍是PVC助剂的主要流向；建筑材料占据了PVC树脂总存量的65.8%、PVC助剂总存量的41.9%，是未来潜在的最大废弃源；尽管存在潜在环境与健康风险的助剂在助剂总流入量中的占比已从62.2%下降至41.5%，但仍有0.15亿t有毒助剂以存量的形式留存在社会与环境中，并将在其使用过程中通过迁移和扩散对人类和环境造成持续性负面影响。虽然由于数据可得性的限制使得该文结果存在一定的偏差，但不确定性分析表明该文的计算结果可信度较高。未来必须加强对废PVC塑料的废物管理，通过技术进步和政策引导提高环保助剂的使用比例。

Abstract

China has become the world's largest producer and consumer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and is facing various environmental risks from the widespread use of PVC plastics. This paper presents a dynamic material flow model to quantitatively assess PVC resins and their additives to illustrate the complex flow paths and stock distributions of PVC materials across 8 types of products, 6 sectors and 4 methods of waste management. The results showed that from 1978 to 2017, the cumulative output of PVC resins and additives was 254 million tons. PVC plastic products are mostly hard products as China has become more urbanized, with PVC additives mostly used in soft products. The building and construction sector accounted for 65.8% of the total stock of PVC resin and 41.9% of the total stock of PVC additives, which will be a future source of waste. Although the proportion of additives with potential environmental and health risks in the total inflow of additives dropped from 62.2% to 41.5%, 15 million tons of toxic additives remain in use which will have a lasting negative impact on health and the environment through migration and diffusion during their use. Although these results have some limitations due to limited data availability, the uncertainty analysis showed that the results were still very reliable. In the future, the government should strengthen the management of waste PVC plastics and increase the proportion of environmentally friendly additives through technological progress and policy guidance.

导出引用

蒋晓斌, 江健, 周文戟, 陈定江, 郭宝华, 朱兵. 中国聚氯乙烯树脂与助剂动态物质流分析[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2020, 60(9): 779-786 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.21.010

JIANG Xiaobin, JIANG Jian, ZHOU Wenji, CHEN Dingjiang, GUO Baohua, ZHU Bing. Dynamic material flow analysis of polyvinyl chloride resin and additives in China[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2020, 60(9): 779-786 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.21.010

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朱兵,教授,E-mail:bingzhu@tsinghua.edu.cn

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收稿日期	出版日期
2020-03-10	2020-09-15
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