秸秆直接还田与燃烧后还田对冬小麦田NO排放的影响

苏媛媛, 王艳强, 梅宝玲, 姚志生

清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12) : 1462-1471.

PDF(1347 KB)
横山亮次奖  |  百年刊庆  |  中文  |  English
PDF(1347 KB)
清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12) : 1462-1471. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.25.039
环境科学与工程

秸秆直接还田与燃烧后还田对冬小麦田NO排放的影响

  • 苏媛媛1,2, 王艳强3, 梅宝玲1, 姚志生2
作者信息 +

Effects of direct straw return and burning ash amendment on soil NO fluxes in a winter wheat cropland

  • SU Yuanyuan1,2, WANG Yanqiang3, MEI Baoling1, YAO Zhisheng2
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

为减少秸秆燃烧所造成的大气污染，国家鼓励农民施行秸秆直接还田措施。但是，秸秆还田会改变多种土壤理化因素，引起碳氮生物地球化学过程发生变化，进而可能改变环境污染性气体一氧化氮（NO）的产生和排放。为了探究秸秆不同还田方式如何影响冬小麦田NO排放，该文依托紫色土农业生态试验站的秸秆不同还田方式长期试验平台（2005年—），采用静态暗箱-化学发光法对农民常规施肥（NPK）、常规施肥+秸秆直接还田（NPK+SR）和常规施肥+秸秆燃烧后还田（NPK+SB）以及不施肥对照（CK）处理下的NO排放通量及辅助因子进行了一个完整生长季（2016年10月至2017年5月）观测。结果表明，各施肥处理下较高的NO排放均出现在施肥后1～2周内，与土壤无机氮含量变化趋势基本一致。在整个小麦生长季，土壤无机氮，尤其铵态氮（NH4+）浓度是NO季节变化动态的关键控制因子，二者呈显著线性正相关关系。与NPK相比，NPK+SB并未明显影响NO季节排放量，而NPK+SR却显著抑制了NO季节排放量的49.0%。基于施肥处理与CK处理之间NO排放量的差异，NPK、NPK+SB和NPK+SR处理的NO直接排放系数分别为0.33%、0.32%和0.15%。此外，与NPK相比，NPK+SB和NPK+SR提高了作物的氮肥利用效率，从而分别增加了小麦籽粒产量的18.9%和15.8%。依据土壤NO排放和小麦产量相结合的指标（即NO排放强度），NPK+SB比NPK显著降低了NO排放强度的19.7%，而NPK+SR比NPK+SB又进一步显著减少了NO排放强度的45.6%。因此，对于紫色土冬小麦田来说，秸秆直接还田处理是一种较好的优化施肥管理方式，可以同时满足保障粮食安全和减少大气环境污染性气体NO排放。

Abstract

Returning straw to the soil rather than burning it can reduce negative environmental impacts such as air pollution. However, the incorporation of straw into the soil changes the soil physico-chemical properties, the biogeochemical C and N cycles and the associated environmental pollutant nitric oxide (NO) production and release. This study assessed how the soil NO fluxes respond to different methods of straw return in a winter wheat cropland. The assessment was based on measurements of the NO fluxes and auxiliary variables throughout the entire wheat-growing season (from October, 2016 to May, 2017) in a long-term purplish soil experimental platform with conventional fertilization (NPK), conventional fertilization + direct straw return (NPK+SR) and conventional fertilization + burning ash amendment (NPK+SB) as well as no nitrogen application as a control (CK) using a static opaque chamber and chemiluminescent analysis. The results showed pronounced NO peak fluxes with the fertilized treatments within the first 1-2 weeks after basal fertilization, which is comparable to the temporal trend of the soil mineral nitrogen. Thus, soil mineral nitrogen, specifically the soil ammonium (NH4+) concentration, is the key factor controlling the NO flux variations with soil NO fluxes strongly positively correlated with soil NH4+ concentrations. In comparison to NPK, NPK+SB did not significantly affect seasonal NO emissions, while NPK+SR greatly inhibited seasonal NO emissions by 49.0%. When the control emissions were deducted as background emissions, the direct NO emission factors were estimated to be 0.33%, 0.32% and 0.15% for NPK, NPK+SB and NPK+SR, respectively. Besides, both NPK+SB and NPK+SR treatment improve crop nitrogen use efficiency, and consequently enhancing wheat grain yields by 18.9% and 15.8%, respectively, comparing with NPK. The yield-scaled emissions (i.e., NO emission intensity) of NPK+SB were 19.7% less than those of NPK. Direct incorporation of the straw into the soil instead of burning further reduced the NO emission intensity from the winter wheat field by 45.6%. Therefore, for this winter wheat field, NPK+SR is recommended as the optimal fertilization management method which improves food security while reducing atmospheric pollutant NO emissions.

关键词

NO排放 / 排放系数 / 小麦田 / 秸秆还田 / 秸秆燃烧

Key words

NO emissions / emission factor / wheat field / straw return / straw burning

引用本文

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

导出引用
苏媛媛, 王艳强, 梅宝玲, 姚志生. 秸秆直接还田与燃烧后还田对冬小麦田NO排放的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2021, 61(12): 1462-1471 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.25.039
SU Yuanyuan, WANG Yanqiang, MEI Baoling, YAO Zhisheng. Effects of direct straw return and burning ash amendment on soil NO fluxes in a winter wheat cropland[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2021, 61(12): 1462-1471 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2020.25.039

参考文献

[1] WILLIAMS E J, HUTCHINSON G L, FEHSENFELD F C. NOx and N2O emissions from soil[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1992, 6(4):351-388.
[2] MEDINETS S, SKIBA U, RENNENBERG H, et al. A review of soil NO transformation:Associated processes and possible physiological significance on organisms[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 80:92-117.
[3] STOCKER T F, QIN D, PLATTNER G K, et al. Climate Change 2013:The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. New York, NY, USA:Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[4] DAVIDSON E A, KINGERLEE W. A global inventory of nitric oxide emissions from soils[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1997, 48(1-2):37-50.
[5] CIAIS P, SABINE C, BALA L, et al. Climate Change 2013:The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. New York, NY, USA:Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[6] STEHFEST E, BOUWMAN L. N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation:Summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2006, 74(3):207-228.
[7] 中华人民共和国统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2019. National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2019. (in Chinese)
[8] JU X T, XING G X, CHEN X P, et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(9):3041-3046.
[9] PATHAK H, SINGH R, BHATIA A, et al. Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J]. Paddy and Water Environment, 2006, 4(2):111-117.
[10] LAL R. Soil management in the developing countries[J]. Soil Science, 2000, 165(1):57-72.
[11] CUI F, ZHENG X H, LIU C Y, et al. Assessing biogeochemical effects and best management practice for a wheat-maize cropping system using the DNDC model[J]. Biogeosciences, 2014, 11(1):91-107.
[12] MALHI S S, LEMKE R, WANG Z H, et al. Tillage, nitrogen and crop residue effects on crop yield, nutrient uptake, soil quality, and greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2006, 90(1-2):171-183.
[13] 蔡太义, 贾志宽, 孟蕾, 等. 渭北旱塬不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分和春玉米产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(3):43-48. CAI T Y, JIA Z K, MENG L, et al. Effects of different rates of straw mulch on soil moisture and yield of spring maize in Weibei Highland area of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(3):43-48. (in Chinese)
[14] PINTO A D S, BUSTAMANTE M M C, KISSELLE K, et al. Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2 in Brazilian Savannas:Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2002, 107(D20):LBA 57-1-LBA 57-9.
[15] HOU A X, TSURUTA H. Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes from an upland field in Japan:Effect of urea type, placement, and crop residues[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003, 65(2):191-200.
[16] MEIJIDE A, GARCÍA-TORRES L, AUGUSTO A, et al. Nitrogen oxide emissions affected by organic fertilization in a non-irrigated Mediterranean barley field[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2009, 132(1-2):106-115.
[17] YAO Z S, YAN G X, ZHENG X H, et al. Straw return reduces yield-scaled N2O plus NO emissions from annual winter wheat-based cropping systems in the North China Plain[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 590-591:174-185.
[18] SERÇA D, DELMAS R, LE ROUX X, et al. Comparison of nitrogen monoxide emissions from several African tropical ecosystems and influence of season and fire[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1998, 12(4):637-651.
[19] LIU C Y, WANG K, MENG S X, et al. Effects of irrigation, fertilization and crop straw management on nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from a wheat-maize rotation field in northern China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 140(1-2):226-233.
[20] YAO Z S, ZHENG X H, XIE B H, et al. Tillage and crop residue management significantly affects N-trace gas emissions during the non-rice season of a subtropical rice-wheat rotation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41(10):2131-2140.
[21] ZHOU Z X, ZHENG X H, XIE B H, et al. Nitric oxide emissions from rice-wheat rotation fields in eastern China:Effect of fertilization, soil water content, and crop residue[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 336(1-2):87-98.
[22] CHEN H H, LI X C, HU F, et al. Soil nitrous oxide emissions following crop residue addition:A meta-analysis[J]. Global Change Biology, 2013, 19(10):2956-2964.
[23] XIA L L, LAM S K, WOLF B, et al. Trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(12):5919-5932.
[24] MEI B L, ZHENG X H, XIE B H, et al. Nitric oxide emissions from conventional vegetable fields in southeastern China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 43(17):2762-2769.
[25] YAMULKI S, GOULDING K W T, WEBSTER C P, et al. Studies on NO and N2O fluxes from a wheat field[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1995, 29(14):1627-1635.
[26] SKIBA U, FOWLER D, SMITH K A. Nitric oxide emissions from agricultural soils in temperate and tropical climates:Sources, controls and mitigation options[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1997, 48(1):139-153.
[27] LUDWIG J, MEIXNER F X, VOGEL B. Soil-air exchange of nitric oxide:An overview of processes, environmental factors, and modeling studies[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2001, 52(3):225-257.
[28] ZHENG X H, HUANG Y, WANG Y S, et al. Seasonal characteristics of nitric oxide emission from a typical Chinese rice-wheat rotation during the non-waterlogged period[J]. Global Change Biology, 2003, 9(2):219-227.
[29] ZHANG X, MENG F Q, LI H, et al. Optimized fertigation maintains high yield and mitigates N2O and NO emissions in an intensified wheat-maize cropping system[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 211:26-36.
[30] MEDINETS S, SKIBA U, RENNENBERG H, et al. A review of soil NO transformation:Associated processes and possible physiological significance on organisms[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 80:92-117.
[31] HE F F, JIANG R F, CHEN Q, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(5):1666-1672.
[32] YAO Z S, LIU C Y, DONG H B, et al. Annual nitric and nitrous oxide fluxes from Chinese subtropical plastic greenhouse and conventional vegetable cultivations[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 196:89-97.
[33] 蔡延江, 丁维新, 项剑. 农田土壤N2O和NO排放的影响因素及其作用机制[J]. 土壤, 2012, 44(6):881-887. CAI Y J, DING W X, XIANG J. Factors controlling N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils and their influencing mechanisms:A review[J]. Soils, 2012, 44(6):881-887. (in Chinese)
[34] 胡廷旭, 刘韵, 柯韵, 等. 紫色土夏玉米-冬小麦轮作农田的NO排放特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(7):1407-1413. HU T X, LIU Y, KE Y, et al. Characteristics of NO emissions from purple soil under summer maize-winter wheat rotation[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(7):1407-1413. (in Chinese)
[35] 肖乾颖, 黄有胜, 胡廷旭, 等. 施肥方式对紫色土农田生态系统N2O和NO排放的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(2):203-213. XIAO Q Y, HUANG Y S, HU T X, et al. Effects of fertilization regimes on N2O and NO emissions from agro-ecosystem of purplish soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(2):203-213. (in Chinese)
[36] BOOUWMAN A F, BOUMANS L J M, BATJES N H. Modeling global annual N2O and NO emissions from fertilized fields[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2002, 16(4):1080.
[37] 袁梦轩. 长期定位施肥对关中农田一氧化氮气体排放和总硝化速率的影响[D]. 咸阳:西北农林科技大学, 2018. YUAN M X. Effects of long-term fertilization on nitric oxide emissions and gross nitrification rates in agricultural soils in Guanzhong plain[D]. Xianyang:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[38] MEI B L, ZHENG X H, XIE B H, et al. Characteristics of multiple-year nitrous oxide emissions from conventional vegetable fields in southeastern China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2011, 116(D12):D12113.
[39] ZHANG Y J, LIN F, JIN Y G, et al. Response of nitric and nitrous oxide fluxes to N fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in southeast China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1):20700.
[40] LIU C Y, YAO Z S, WANG K, et al. Effects of increasing fertilization rates on nitric oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency in low carbon calcareous soil[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2015, 203:83-92.
[41] ZHANG X, MENG F Q, LI H, et al. Optimized fertigation maintains high yield and mitigates N2O and NO emissions in an intensified wheat-maize cropping system[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 211:26-36.
[42] YAO Z S, ZHENG X H, WANG R, et al. Greenhouse gas fluxes and NO release from a Chinese subtropical rice-winter wheat rotation system under nitrogen fertilizer management[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences, 2013, 118(2):623-638.
[43] HUANG Y, LI D J. Soil nitric oxide emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China:A synthesis of modeling and measurements[J]. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1):7406.
[44] KESIK M, BLAGODATSKY S, PAPEN H, et al. Effect of pH, temperature and substrate on N2O, NO and CO2 production by Alcaligenes faecalis p.[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006, 101(3):655-667.
[45] ANDERSON I C, LEVINE J S. Simultaneous field measurements of biogenic emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 1987, 92(D1):965-976.
[46] SKIBA U, SMITH K A, FOWLER D. Nitrification and denitrification as sources of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide in a sandy loam soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25(11):1527-1536.
[47] KRAVCHENKO A N, TOOSI E R, GUBER A K, et al. Hotspots of soil N2O emission enhanced through water absorption by plant residue[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2017, 10(7):496-500.
[48] VAN GROENIGE J W, VELTHOF G L, OENEMA O, et al. Towards an agronomic assessment of N2O emissions:A case study for arable crops[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 61(6):903-913.

基金

国家自然科学基金项目（41675144，41977282）

PDF(1347 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
段落导航
相关文章
扫码关注，本刊微信公众号
地址：清华大学东门外学研大厦B座908室　
邮编：100084
电话：010-62788108/62771385/62792976/62792994　
E-mail：xuebaost@tsinghua.edu.cn
访问统计
    总访问量
    今日访问
    在线人数
　
版权所有 © 《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》编辑部

/

〈 〉