人员移动对患者呼出病毒颗粒传播影响的数值研究

吴家麟; 翁文国; 付明

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.031

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6) : 1044-1051. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.031

专刊：公共安全

人员移动对患者呼出病毒颗粒传播影响的数值研究

吴家麟^1,2, 翁文国^1,2, 付明^3,4

作者信息 +

Effect of human movement on a patient's exhaled viral particle transmission: A numerical study

WU Jialin^1,2, WENG Wenguo^1,2, FU Ming^3,4

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

许多呼吸道传染病（如新型冠状病毒肺炎）同时具有飞沫传播和气溶胶传播的特点，人员移动会影响病毒颗粒的传播路径。该文使用具有真实人体形状的三维数值模型，采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法研究了人员移动对患者呼出病毒颗粒传播的影响，分析了气流、气压和颗粒扩散的瞬态变化特性，并通过实验数据进行了对比验证。结果表明：在通风不良的室内，移动者以1 m/s从坐姿患者身旁经过时，尾流速度峰值可达1.6~2.0 m/s，横向距离0.10、0.25、0.55 m外的气流速度峰值分别达到0.53、0.22、0.13 m/s，室内气流波动持续时间可能超过10 s；附近区域气流速度呈现双峰特点；移动导致的局部气压差（0.49 Pa）引起卷吸气流，促使病毒颗粒被带入移动者尾流，并减缓了重力主导的近距离沉降，导致超过50%的病毒颗粒沉积在移动者表面或扩散到远处。据此建议在疫情流行地区采取减少跨区域走动、佩戴口罩、个性化通风等措施。

Abstract

Droplet transmission and aerosol transmission are both possible transmission pathways for many respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19) and human movements may affect these viral particle transmission pathways. Realistic 3-D human models were used here in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study to analyze the effect of human movements on the transmission of virus particles exhaled by a patient. The changes in the airflow, pressure and particle diffusion were compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the computations. The results show that when a person passes by a sitting patient in a poorly ventilated room, the wake velocities can reach 1.6~2.0 m/s. The airflow velocity can reach 0.53 m/s at 0.10 m from the moving person, 0.22 m/s at 0.25 m away, and 0.13 m/s at 0.55 m away. The airflow fluctuations can last more than 10 s. Double peak airflow velocities are found near the moving person. The pressure difference of 0.49 Pa caused by the moving person moves the air and the viral particles into the wake of the moving person and slows the nearby droplet deposition. More than 50% of the viral particles are deposited on the moving person's body or spread further. Thus, this study recommends less cross-area movement in epidemic areas and that all people should wear masks and use personalized ventilation equipment.

导出引用

吴家麟, 翁文国, 付明. 人员移动对患者呼出病毒颗粒传播影响的数值研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2022, 62(6): 1044-1051 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.031

WU Jialin, WENG Wenguo, FU Ming. Effect of human movement on a patient's exhaled viral particle transmission: A numerical study[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2022, 62(6): 1044-1051 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.22.031

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基金

国家杰出青年科学基金项目（71725006）；国家自然科学基金项目（72034004，52074163）

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收稿日期	出版日期
2022-02-09	2022-06-15
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2022-05-06

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