射电天文观测对电磁干扰（electromagnetic inference，EMI）的影响极为敏感，望远镜自身电气设备的电磁干扰更需严格屏蔽。500 m口径球面射电望远镜（five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope，FAST）供配电系统包含6座10 kV变电站，其屏蔽效能需要达到90 dB以上。为满足FAST变电站外壳的电磁屏蔽需求，基于高压玻璃陶瓷电容研制出一种可用于10 kV高压线，电流为100 A以上，插入损耗大于90 dB的电源滤波器。高压滤波器的主要部件为穿心陶瓷电容及有多组磁环构成的电感，外壳由直径约为12 cm的不锈钢管制成，具有性能稳定、结构简单、安全可靠以及重量小等优点。经严格测试后，将高压滤波器安装到FAST变电站外壳上，整体屏蔽效能可达100 dB，满足FAST电磁环境保护标准要求。
Abstract
Radio astronomical observations are very sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI), so the EMI from the radio telescope's own electrical equipment must be strictly shielded. The five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST) power supply system containing 6 power stations of 10 kV whose shielding effectiveness need to be 90 dB at least. A high voltage, high current EMI filter was built to protect the FAST equipment from the equipment EMI. The EMI filter uses a high voltage ceramic capacitor that can work at 10 kV and 100 A with an insertion loss of more than 90 dB. The core components of the EMI filter are the feed-through ceramic capacitors and an inductor having a group of magnetic rings. Its enclosure is made of 12-cm diameter stainless steel tube that has advantages such as stable performance, simple structure, safe and secure and light weight. Passing the strictly test, the EMI filter was installed on the power station to provide the required shielding effectiveness of 100 dB that meet the FAST electromagnetic environment protection criterion.
关键词
电磁干扰 /
电源滤波器 /
高压陶瓷电容 /
屏蔽效能
Key words
electromagnetic inference /
power filter /
high voltage ceramic capacitor /
shielding effectiveness
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFE0202900，2019YFB1312704）；中国科学院西部青年学者项目
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