高原河流底栖动物对侧向水文连通性的响应：以泉吉河为例

周雄冬; 刘逸博; 徐梦珍; 张家豪; 王聪聪

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.021

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (5) : 818-829. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.021

水利水电工程

高原河流底栖动物对侧向水文连通性的响应：以泉吉河为例

周雄冬, 刘逸博, 徐梦珍, 张家豪, 王聪聪

作者信息 +

Response of benthic macroinvertebrates in highland rivers to the lateral hydrological connectivity： Taking the Quanji River as an example

ZHOU Xiongdong, LIU Yibo, XU Mengzhen, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Congcong

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摘要

侧向水文连通性改变了河流系统的水动力条件和营养状况,进而对生物群落的多样性、结构和功能造成影响。对侧向水文连通性的研究多集中于平原河流,侧向水文连通性对高原河流系统的生态影响尚待厘清。该文采用野外采样、现场测量和室内鉴定分析相结合的方法,以大型无脊椎底栖动物为水生态指示生物,以青藏高原东北部青海湖的支流泉吉河为研究区域,分析了不同侧向水文连通条件下典型高原河流系统的环境条件差异和底栖动物群落差异。结果表明:侧向水文连通性与底栖动物群落的多样性、结构和功能特征均有较强关联;泉吉河流域的底栖动物多样性对侧向水文连通性降低均呈"先降低后升高"的单谷式响应,显著区别于平原河流的单峰式响应模式。高原河流"低代谢、寡营养"的本底条件造成底栖动物对扰动敏感,底栖动物群落偏好的中度干扰条件由中等水文连通环境向低水文连通环境偏移,是造成单谷响应模式的重要原因。

Abstract

[Objective] Lateral hydrological connectivity alters the hydrodynamic and trophic conditions of a river system, which further affects the diversity, structure, and function of biotic assemblages. Previous studies focusing on lateral hydrological connectivity are mostly conducted on lowland river systems, whereas the ecological effects on highland rivers have yet to be explored. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to investigate the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a typical highland river to facilitate the identification of different biotopes based on the macroinvertebrate traits; (2) to characterize biotopes according to the environmental conditions (especially in response to lateral hydrological connectivity), macroinvertebrate diversity, and morphological and functional structures; and (3) to analyze the pattern of how the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages respond to variation in lateral hydrological connectivity.[Methods] We adopted a combined approach of field sampling, in situ measurement, and laboratory observation. Using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators, we analyzed the ecological differences among biotopes with different lateral hydrological connectivities in the Quanji River, a typical highland river in northeastern Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province, China. Ecological data were analyzed using the following methods: (1) ordination (canonical correspondence analysis, CCA) to analyze the general distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate taxa along critical environmental variable gradients; (2) hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on the pairwise Bray-Curtis distance of macroinvertebrate assemblages to identify the representative biotopes; and (3) ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis analysis to detect the significant differences in environmental variables and macroinvertebrate indices and to quantify how ecological characteristics respond to the variations in the lateral hydrological connectivity.[Results] Our results showed the following: (1) a total of 122 195 macroinvertebrate specimens were collected from the Quanji River, representing 33 families and 61 genera; (2) macroinvertebrate taxa exhibited different preferences to the environmental conditions and formed a featured distribution along the environmental gradients; (3) results of hierarchical clustering identified four types of biotopes (e.g., G1-G4) for the Quanji River based on the macroinvertebrate dissimilarity as measured by the Bray-Curtis distance, and samples of the four biotopes were also discriminated by the results of NMDS in the 2-D gradients; (4) significant differences in environmental conditions, including physicochemical and trophic conditions, were detected among biotopes, and in particular, the lateral hydrological connectivity from G1/G2 to G3 to G4 showed a clear decreasing pattern (e.g., "open" to "semi-open" to "closed"); (5) macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics, including biodiversity and morphological and functional structures, were also found to be significantly different among biotopes, which indicated that the lateral hydrological connectivity was strongly related to diversity, structure, and function of macroinvertebrate assemblages; and (6) in the Quanji River basin, biodiversity responded to variations in lateral hydrological connectivity in a "single-valley" pattern, which was markedly distinguished from the unimodal pattern observed in lowland river systems. We argue that the hypometabolic and oligotrophic conditions in the highland river system lead to the increased sensitivity of macroinvertebrate assemblages to disturbances. Therefore, the intermediate disturbance preferred by macroinvertebrate assemblages shifts from the median connectivity environment to the low connectivity environment in highland rivers, which accounts for the "single-valley" response pattern.[Conclusions] Our study on bethic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different biotopes of the Quanji River has contributed considerably to our understanding of the highland invertebrates' response to variations in lateral hydrological connectivity. We find that the individual biotopes in the Quanji River respond differently to the lateral hydrological connectivity. One of the most intriguing results of our study is that biological indices, in particular the diversity index, demonstrate a single-valley response pattern to the lateral hydrological connectivity, which is in contrast with the unimodal pattern commonly observed in lowland rivers. This study not only reveals the critical roles of lateral hydrological connectivity variation in structuring highland river ecosystems from biological perspectives but also suggests that the management strategies of highland rivers should be different from those of lowland rivers.

导出引用

周雄冬, 刘逸博, 徐梦珍, 张家豪, 王聪聪. 高原河流底栖动物对侧向水文连通性的响应：以泉吉河为例[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2023, 63(5): 818-829 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.021

ZHOU Xiongdong, LIU Yibo, XU Mengzhen, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Congcong. Response of benthic macroinvertebrates in highland rivers to the lateral hydrological connectivity： Taking the Quanji River as an example[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2023, 63(5): 818-829 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.021

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基金

国家自然科学基金项目(U2243222,U2240207);第2次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0903)

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