灌区对塔里木盆地西部极端暴雨的影响

刘家辉; 倪广恒

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.035

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (2) : 259-270. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.035

水利水电工程

灌区对塔里木盆地西部极端暴雨的影响

刘家辉, 倪广恒

作者信息 +

Impacts of the irrigation area on extreme rainstorm in the western Tarim Basin

LIU Jiahui, NI Guangheng

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

塔里木盆地灌区支撑着当地的经济和社会发展，而近年来盆地内部的暴雨事件严重威胁人民群众的生命财产安全。该文通过中尺度气象模式（WRF）设置有无灌区的对比模拟实验，以2021年6月15日盆地西部的暴雨（“6·15”暴雨）为例，发现灌区使暴雨强度增加，并揭示了灌区对暴雨水汽输送过程和暴雨形成的影响机制。结果表明：由偏东急流引起的大量水汽向盆地西部输送是“6·15”暴雨形成的主要原因；灌区对水汽输送的阻挡作用使输送区域至暴雨区域的水汽增加，且灌区和山区地形的共同影响使水汽抬升作用增强，导致更多水汽在暴雨落区集中，使暴雨雨量增加。

Abstract

[Objective] The irrigation area in the Tarim Basin is imperative to supporting the local economy and social development; however, frequent and extreme rainstorm events in the basin have posed serious danger to human lives and property. Irrigation areas alter the local near-surface climatic conditions, and irrigation has cooling and humidifying effects and affects local climate. Thus, analyzing the impact of irrigation areas on extreme rainstorm events could improve our understanding of its mechanism and provide reference for irrigation development and flood management. [Methods] This study analyzed the impact of the irrigation area on the extreme rainfall process. The weather research and forecast (WRF) model was used, and the research object was the extreme rainstorm event that occurred in the western Tarim Basin from June 15 to 17, 2021 ("6?5" rainstorm). Furthermore, to explore the mechanism of the irrigation area, a high-resolution comparative simulation experiment was performed using two simulation scenarios set up in WRF, one with irrigation and one without irrigation, to study the impact of the irrigation area on various meteorological elements, and water vapor transport process and formation process in this extreme rainstorm event and reveal the impact mechanism of the irrigation area on the extreme rainstorm. [Results] (1) The Tarim Basin's eastward flow caused by the north-south high pressure brought a substantial amount of water vapor to the basin. Before the precipitation, water vapor was transported along the northern part of the basin to the west and then turned southward to the southwest of the basin, thus forming an extreme rainstorm. (2) The existence of the irrigation area obstructed wind in both the northern and western parts of the basin. The irrigation area caused wind speed to rise in front of the irrigation area, with a decline in water vapor behind the irrigation area leading to a decrease in water vapor transported to the north, and an increase to the southwest providing more water vapor for the extreme rainstorm event. (3) In the main precipitation area, the combined action of the irrigation and mountainous areas enhanced the uplifting effect of the terrain on the wind, forming vertical circulation in front of the mountains, and the precipitation increased due to the high amount of water vapor brought by the eastward flow. [Conclusions] A large amount of water vapor transport is found to be the main cause of the extreme rainstorm event. The obstruction effect of the irrigation area on water vapor transport process results in more water vapor being transported to the extreme rainstorm area. However, the enhanced uplifting effect of the terrain from the combination of the irrigation and mountainous areas causes water vapor to accumulate in the rainstorm area, leading to increased extreme rainstorm. Thus, these results further elucidate the significance of exploring flood management in irrigation areas.

导出引用

刘家辉, 倪广恒. 灌区对塔里木盆地西部极端暴雨的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 64(2): 259-270 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.035

LIU Jiahui, NI Guangheng. Impacts of the irrigation area on extreme rainstorm in the western Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2024, 64(2): 259-270 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2023.22.035

中图分类号： P49

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基金

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFA0606002）

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收稿日期	出版日期
2023-04-07	2024-02-15
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2023-12-28

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