为改善路基支挡设计低效、 人工布设繁琐的问题, 弥补建筑信息模型(building information modeling, BIM)软件中模型携带属性不全的缺陷, 该文结合规范归纳了支挡的布置边界条件与流程, 研究了模型属性交付的要求, 分析了传统设计软件中的痛点, 提出了支挡自动布设算法。具体措施： 可沿路线逐桩号复核挡墙布置条件, 匹配挡墙类型与墙高, 并对结果进行分段归并对墙底坡度进行平滑处理; 同时, 基于Bentley OpenRoads Designer二次开发了支挡设计插件, 内置挡墙图集, 并实现了路基支挡智能化设计功能。应用表明： 该方法可自动生成施工图表以及包含丰富属性信息的3D BIM模型, 相关成果完全符合行业标准要求, 可应用于施工运维全过程管理。该研究成果在提升设计效率、 实现3D可视化与模型信息交付等方面较现有设计方式具有明显优势。
Abstract
[Objective] With the rapid development of informatization and digitization, it has become challenging for traditional 2D design methods to meet the requirements of tight time limitations and lifecycle modeling management. In addition, the manual assignment of model properties is complicated and time-consuming for designers. To improve the inefficiency and inconvenience of manual retaining design and to enrich incomplete information generated using existing BIM software. [Methods] This paper summarizes the boundary condition and process of deploying retaining according to specification and studies the delivery requirements of BIM information and the challenges of traditional design software. Then, an intelligent algorithm for deploying a retaining wall is proposed, with which the condition for placing the retaining wall can be checked at each station along the path. The automatic matching of retaining types and heights, bottom slope smoothing, and merging of different segments are also achieved. A retaining software plug-in is redeveloped based on the OpenRoads Designer of the Bentley platform for validation and application. National standard drawings and subgrade retaining structures are embedded in the system, guaranteeing the structural security of the wall. The continuous highway is discretized into station sequence, and a dichotomy is used to rapidly find the most suitable height on each section, considering the flap width and buried depth requirements. To optimize the construction cost, the location of the retaining wall is filtered by the side slope height along the highway. Various types of retaining walls contained in the software can be selected by custom priority. The subgrade retaining walls are divided into different parts based on length and bottom slope restriction. The bottom edges of the generated segments are finally readjusted to a linear or stair-stepping state, and the height of each section is recalculated based on the measurements. Thus, the one-click intelligent design of subgrade retaining is completed. [Results] Several products were obtained by the system, which were summarized as follows: (1) Plan, elevation, and cross-section drawings of each retaining segment, including graphic shapes and size dimensions. (2) Engineering quantity sheets containing detailed items. (3) 3D retaining models attached with information in the level of details 3.0. The output provided accurate results, fulfilled industrial requirements, and could be further used in construction, operation, and maintenance process management. The method was validated by a practical highway project with a length of 13.4 km. The comparisons of the results with HintCAD (a popularly used software on highways) were summarized as follows: (1) Deviation was less than 6% on the total retaining length, gravel inverted filter layer, geotextile, and earthwork volume owing to the ignorance of geology and environmentally sensitive areas and terrain-calculation difference between 2D and 3D methods. (2) The error of average retaining height and concrete volume is less than 12%, which was caused by manual and conservative bottom handling methods. (3) The precision accuracy was completely accepted table for engineering projects in the preliminary design stage. (4) The calculated results could be further modified by users to fulfill the design intent. [Conclusions] Thus, this method offers a better option for retaining design and deployment and considerably improves design efficiency, 3D visualization, and property information compared with the current design approach, which contributes to 3D forward design in railway and highway projects.
关键词
道路工程 /
支挡设计 /
二次开发 /
BIM /
OpenRoads Designer /
数字化 /
智能化
Key words
road engineering /
retaining design /
secondary development /
BIM /
OpenRoads Designer /
digitization /
intelligentization
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基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目课题项目(72091512);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52378306)
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