Modeling resident choices of residence, work locations and commutes in a two-city system for optimal urban design

LUO Sida; LI Xiangyu; WU Xianyu; YIN Zhiwei; XU Shuai; KANG Liujiang

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.26.020

PDF(4871 KB)

Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology) ›› 2022, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7) : 1186-1194. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.26.020

Research Article

Modeling resident choices of residence, work locations and commutes in a two-city system for optimal urban design

{{article.zuoZhe_EN}}

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Urban travel demands are rapidly growing in metropolitan areas as urbanization spreads in China. This paper studies how contributing factors such as income level, traffic congestion affect residents choices of work locations, residence locations and commutes in metropolitan areas. A social optimal model was developed with these choices to capture the trade-off between the agglomeration and congestion in a two-city system consisting of a big city and a small city. The boundary curve of the spatial distribution of inter-city commuters was obtained by analyzing the commuting cost in consideration of traffic congestion, and calculated the net income of the system which is contributed by both intra- and inter-city commuters. Thus, the model needs to show the effects of resident location, work location and commuting on the system which depend on income levels, commute costs, and housing costs.This urban optimization problem was designed as a nonlinear programming problem that gave the optimal spatial distribution of residential and work locations and the number of commuters between cities.An analysis of the Shanghai-Jiaxing two city system shows that the current Shanghai population is higher than the optimal population.The social welfare can be enhanced by encouraging more people working in Shanghai to live in surrounding small cities with intercity railway commutes.

Key words

two-city system / residence and work location choices / commuting / social optimal / nonlinear programming

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LUO Sida, LI Xiangyu, WU Xianyu, YIN Zhiwei, XU Shuai, KANG Liujiang. Modeling resident choices of residence, work locations and commutes in a two-city system for optimal urban design[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2022, 62(7): 1186-1194 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2022.26.020

References

[1] 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院. 2019长三角城市跨城通勤年度报告[R]. 上海:同济大学建筑与城市规划学院, 2019. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University. Annual report on intercity commuting in the Yangtze River Delta in 2019[R]. Shanghai:College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[2] 史景允. 燕郊通勤视角下的职住分离研究[D]. 石家庄:河北师范大学, 2015. SHI J Y. Commuting perspective job-housing separation research of Yanjiao[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[3] HU Y K, DENG T T, ZHANG J. Can commuting facilitation relieve spatial misallocation of labor[J]. Habitat International, 2020, 106:102136.
[4] ALONSO W. Location and land use:Toward a general theory of land rent[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1964.
[5] XU S X, LIU R H, LIU T L, et al. Pareto-improving policies for an idealized two-zone city served by two congestible modes[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological, 2018, 117:876-891.
[6] XU S X, LIU T L, HUANG H J, et al. Mode choice and railway subsidy in a congested monocentric city with endogenous population distribution[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 2018, 116:413-433.
[7] 李同飞. 考虑土地利用的交通网络建模及优化研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2018. LI T F. Research on modeling and optimization of transportation network considering land use[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[8] BUYUKEREN A C, HIRAMATSU T. Anti-congestion policies in cities with public transportation[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2016, 16(2):395-421.
[9] 丁成日. 城市空间结构理论:单中心城市静态模型[J]. 城市发展研究, 2006, 13(4):121-126. DING C R. Urban spatial theory:Static monocentric model[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2006, 13(4):121-126. (in Chinese)
[10] LI Z C, CHEN Y J, WANG Y D, et al. Optimal density of radial major roads in a two-dimensional monocentric city with endogenous residential distribution and housing prices[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2013, 43(6):927-937.
[11] ZHANG W J, KOCKELMAN K M. Optimal policies in cities with congestion and agglomeration externalities:Congestion tolls, labor subsidies, and place-based strategies[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2016, 95:64-86.
[12] FUJITA M, OGAWA H. Multiple equilibria and structural transition of non-monocentric urban configurations[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1982, 12(2):161-196.
[13] 陈雅娟, 黄海军, 李志纯. 多中心城市系统均衡分析与轨道交通投资影响评价研究[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2019, 39(12):3120-3128. CHEN Y J, HUANG H J, LI Z C. Urban system equilibrium analysis in a polycentric city and rail transit investment estimation[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2019, 39(12):3120-3128. (in Chinese)
[14] HENDERSON J V. The sizes and types of cities[J]. The American Economic Review, 1974, 64(4):640-656.
[15] ALBOUY D, BEHRENS K, ROBERT-NICOUD F, et al. The optimal distribution of population across cities[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2019, 110:102-113.
[16] ANAS A, PINES D. Public goods and congestion in a system of cities:How do fiscal and zoning policies improve efficiency[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2013, 13(4):649-676.
[17] 杨建中. 新型城镇化战略下居民居住地选择行为及对策研究:以成都市为例[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2016. YANG J Z. Research on residential location choice behaviors and policies under new urbanization strategy:Taking Chengdu as an example[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong Unversity, 2016. (in Chinese)
[18] 李霞. 城市通勤交通与居住就业空间分布关系[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2010. LI X. Model and methodology of relationship between urban commute and residential workplace location[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2010. (in Chinese)
[19] LI Z C, LAM W H K, WONG S C. Modeling intermodal equilibrium for bimodal transportation system design problems in a linear monocentric city[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological, 2012, 46(1):30-49.
[20] LI Z C, LAM W H K, WONG S C, et al. Design of a rail transit line for profit maximization in a linear transportation corridor[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2012, 48(1):50-70.
[21] REN T, HUANG H J, LUO S D, et al. Effects of intercity commuting on urban spatial structure and housing price[J/OL]. (2022-03-01)[2022-03-23]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359409857_Highspeed_rail_in_China_implications_for_intercity_commuting_and_urban_spatial_structure.
[22] 上海统计局. 2019年上海统计年鉴[EB/OL]. (2019-04-22)[2022-07-01]. http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/20200427/4aa08fba106d45fda6cb39817d961c98.html. Shanghai Bureau of Statistics. 2019 Shanghai statistical yearbook[EB/OL]. (2019-04-22)[2022-07-01]. http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/20200427/4aa08fba106d45fda6cb39817d961c98.html. (in Chinese).
[23] 嘉兴统计局. 2019年嘉兴统计年鉴[EB/OL]. (2019-12-31)[2021-07-01]. http://tjj.jiaxing.gov.cn/attach/2019/nj19_ml_1.html. Jiaxing Bureau of Statistics. 2019 Jiaxing statistical yearbook[EB/OL]. (2019-12-31)[2021-07-01]. http://tjj.jiaxing.gov.cn/attach/2019/nj19_ml_1.html. (in Chinese)
[24] 上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会. 上海市建筑业行业发展报告(2020年)[R/OL]. (2020-12-04)[2021-07-01]. https://zjw.sh.gov.cn/index.html. Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban Rural Development. Shanghai construction industry development report (2020)[R/OL]. (2020-12-04)[2021-07-01]. https://zjw.sh.gov.cn/index.html. (in Chinese)
[25] 嘉兴统计局. 2018年嘉兴市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R/OL]. (2019-01-05)[2021-07-01]. http://tjj.jiaxing.gov.cn/art/2019/4/7/art_1512321_31375488.html. Jiaxing Bureau of Statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of Jiaxing in 2018[R/OL]. (2019-01-05)[2021-07-01]. http://tjj.jiaxing.gov.cn/art/2019/4/7/art_1512321_31375488.html. (in Chinese)
[26] 中国铁路12306. 车票[Z/OL]. (2011-01-01)[2021-07-01]. https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc. China Railway 12306. Ticket[Z/OL]. (2011-01-01)[2021-07-01]. https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc. (in Chinese)
[27] 国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于2018年部分节假日安排的通知[EB/OL]. (2017-11-30)[2021-07-01]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-11/30/content_5243579.htm?gs_ws=weixin_636478196827327979. General Office of the State Council. Notice of the general office of the State Council on the arrangement of some holidays in 2018[EB/OL]. (2017-11-30)[2021-07-01]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-11/30/content_5243579.htm?gs_ws=weixin_636478196827327979. (in Chinese)
[28] 百度地图. 2019年度中国城市交通报告[R/OL]. (2020-01-09)[2021-08-01]. https://huiyan.baidu.com/cms/report/2019annualtrafficreport/index.html. Baidu Maps. 2019 China urban traffic report[R/OL]. (2020-01-09)[2021-08-01]. https://huiyan.baidu.com/cms/report/2019annualtrafficreport/index.html. (in Chinese).