水利水电工程分岔型隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究

刘畅; 钟茂华; 林鹏; 龚远平; 田向亮; 阴彬; 龙增; 杨宇轩

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.024

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1) : 1-12. DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.024

专题：防灾减灾

水利水电工程分岔型隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究

刘畅¹, 钟茂华¹, 林鹏², 龚远平³, 田向亮⁴, 阴彬³, 龙增¹, 杨宇轩¹

作者信息 +

Full-scale experimental study of a bifurcated tunnel fire in a hydropower engineering project

LIU Chang¹, ZHONG Maohua¹, LIN Peng², GONG Yuanping³, TIAN Xiangliang⁴, YIN Bin³, LONG Zeng¹, YANG Yuxuan¹

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摘要

为研究水利水电工程洞室群连接节点的火灾烟气蔓延特性，在某水电站地下洞室分岔型隧道开展全尺寸现场实验，通过分析各隧道区段温度分布、烟气层高度等参数并结合现场观测，研究烟气由分岔节点向连接隧道的扩散和沉降规律。结果表明：分岔隧道火灾危险性受坡度结构和通风条件的影响，起火位置上风向隧道烟气温度稳定衰减且分层作用明显；下风向隧道烟气与空气的掺混破坏了烟气稳定分层结构，烟气沉降加剧并形成趋于均一的竖向温度分布，上坡结构导致烟气沉降作用更为明显，2#隧道中3 m高度以下的烟气温度沿纵向反而呈现升高趋势。防排烟设计中应综合考虑不同隧道区段火灾危险的差异性，在实验火灾规模下，上风向隧道烟气层高度保持在4.2 m，下风向低温烟气区域面临较高危险性，烟气层高度均降低至1.5 m以下；2#隧道的上坡结构进一步加剧了烟气沉降，起火2 min后即降低至0.8 m以下，是烟气控制和火灾应急中应考虑的重点区域。

Abstract

Full-scale experiments in a bifurcated tunnel in a hydropower station with a fire source at the junction area were conducted to investigate fire-induced smoke spread characteristics in connected regions. The spread and descent of smoke in each tunnel were studied by analyzing the temperature profiles and smoke layer heights coupled with on-site observations. The results show that the slope and ventilation strongly affect the smoke risks in each tunnel with the smoke temperature steadily decreasing with distinct stratification upwind of the fire source. The smoke and fresh air mixture flow disrupted the smoke stratification and caused the smoke level to lower in the tunnel with the vertical temperature distribution becoming more uniform. Moreover, the aggravation of smoke deposition in the uphill direction in tunnel 2# increased the smoke temperature in the longitudinal direction below 3 m. The different fire risks in different tunnel sections should be carefully considered in smoke control designs. For the present fire heat release rate, the smoke layer height remained at 4.2 m in the upstream tunnel, while the downstream tunnels faced higher risks that the smoke layer descending below 1.5 m. The uphill slope in tunnel 2# increased the smoke descent with the smoke height decreasing to 0.8 m after 2 min, which should be considered in smoke control designs and fire emergency.

导出引用

刘畅, 钟茂华, 林鹏, 龚远平, 田向亮, 阴彬, 龙增, 杨宇轩. 水利水电工程分岔型隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）. 2022, 62(1): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.024

LIU Chang, ZHONG Maohua, LIN Peng, GONG Yuanping, TIAN Xiangliang, YIN Bin, LONG Zeng, YANG Yuxuan. Full-scale experimental study of a bifurcated tunnel fire in a hydropower engineering project[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology). 2022, 62(1): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.26.024

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（72091512）

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2021-02-08	2022-01-15
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