减少工人的不安全行为对预防施工安全事故至关重要。在施工团队中, 班组长安全领导力有助于改善工人不安全行为, 但工人与班组长在实际互动中常有焦虑、回避等负面心理, 影响安全领导力对不安全行为的改善。该文以依恋关系作为施工团队成员个体间心理互动的影响因素, 探究依恋关系在班组长安全领导力和工人安全行为间的作用机理。设计了“工人-班组长依恋关系测评量表”, 使用AMOS软件构建结构方程模型并进行检验。结果表明：班组长安全领导力对依恋回避有显著负向影响, 而依恋回避会作为中介变量进一步显著负向影响工人安全行为; 班组长安全领导力对依恋焦虑有微弱的正向影响, 而依恋焦虑对工人安全行为无显著影响。该研究从依恋关系的角度细化了班组长安全领导力的作用机理, 并且揭示了安全领导力的作用具有两面性, 在其发挥过程中需根据实际情况灵活调整方式和程度。

Objective: In recent years, the death toll in the construction industry has remained high and unsafe human behavior is the main cause of accidents. The interactions between construction team members have an important impact on workers' unsafe behavior; the safety leadership of the foreman—the most important firstline managers in the construction team—helps to eliminate the unsafe behavior of the workers. However, workers may develop a negative psychological state, such as anxiety and avoidance, during the actual interaction with their foreman, which affects the improvement of safe behaviors during the implementation of safety leadership, and the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Workers and foremen were selected in this research. We took attachment in the field of developmental psychology as the influencing factor of psychological interaction among individual construction team members and explored its mediating effect between foreman's safety leadership and workers' safety behavior and constructed a theoretical model. Based on the well-established adult attachment assessment scale in psychological research, a worker-foreman attachment scale suited for the construction industry was designed. The scale was modified through a pilot study and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the final scale were relatively ideal. The safety leadership questionnaire and safety behavior questionnaire used to measure the foreman's safety leadership and workers' safety behavior were well-proven mature scales. The empirical data were collected from six construction sites in Beijing, Ningxia, and Hubei in China, and 206 valid samples were finally obtained. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS software, and path analysis was performed. Results: The results show that the foreman's safety leadership has a significant negative impact on workers' attachment avoidance (P < 0.001, path coefficient=-0.912). As attachment avoidance negatively influences workers' safety motivation and working habits, it can further negatively affect workers' compliance safety behavior (P < 0.001, path coefficient=-0.720) and participation safety behavior (P < 0.001, path coefficient=-0.776) as a mediating variable. Workers' attachment anxiety is marginally associated with the foreman's safety leadership in a positive way (P < 0.05, path coefficient=0.166), while attachment anxiety is found to have no significant effect on the two dimensions of workers' safety behavior (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results reveal the mediating effect of attachment avoidance between the foreman's safety leadership and workers' safety behaviors. Through the lens of workers' psychological states, several practical suggestions are given on safety leadership to reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors from the perspective of reducing workers' attachment avoidance. This study also finds that the overexertion of safety leadership may lead to a worker's anxiety and emotional state, which [JP2]has an uncertain impact on their safety behaviors; thus, blindly strengthening safety leadership is inappropriate. This research not only illustrates the mechanism of safety leadership from an individual psychological level but also explains the implications of the worker-foreman relationship and highlights the importance of the interaction between construction team members. The effect of safety leadership is two-sided, and hence, safety leadership should be adjusted flexibly in practice according to the actual situation.