大规模分布式光伏的接入给主配网运行带来较大风险, 为了确保系统的安全性和可靠性、 优化主配网资源, 该文研究了大规模分布式光伏接入的主配网运行风险评估方法和防控策略。首先, 在主配网的安全、 平衡和消纳方面, 提出了主配网风险评估指标体系; 其次, 针对主配网是否处于紧急场景, 分别提出了主配网风险辅助决策和分层分区紧急切负荷策略; 最后, 研发了基于调控云的高比例分布式光伏并网风险智能分析与防控决策系统, 并在地区电网开展了示范应用。算例分析和示范应用效果均证明了所提的方法和策略能够对电网可能发生的安全、 平衡和消纳等方面的风险进行在线评估和防控, 有效提升了分布式新能源并网运行的风险防控能力, 为电网运营商和决策者提供了有价值的参考, 进一步推动清洁能源的可持续发展。
Abstract
[Objective] Compared with centralized photovoltaics, distributed photovoltaics have smaller individual capacities and dispersed access points, which are mainly connected through the low-voltage power grid towards the end. They have the characteristics of superimposed new energy fluctuations, intermittency, uncertainty. With the increase in the scale of distributed photovoltaic access, there will be a greater risk to the operation of the main distribution network. To ensure the safety and reliability of the system and optimize the resources of the main distribution network, we investigate the risk assessment methods and prevention strategies for the operation of the main distribution network of large-scale distributed photovoltaic access. [Methods] In terms of safety, balance and consumption of the main distribution grid, the problem of extracting risk characteristics and constructing a risk assessment index system for operating the main distribution grid after the high proportion of distributed new energy connected to the grid was evaluated. We proposed a risk feature extraction model based on a random forest and identified important power grid nodes. A large-scale survey based on actual production was conducted on a power grid in Jiangsu region of China, and a risk assessment index system for the coordinated operation of the main distribution network was proposed. To address the operational risks of the main distribution network caused by the high proportion of distributed new energy integration, research is being conducted on the risk prevention and control methods for the main distribution network. We proposed an auxiliary decision-making method for adjusting the main distribution network mode plan in non-emergency situations and established a two-stage risk scheduling model. Considering an emergency scenario where the risk level of the main distribution grid is high after the high proportion of distributed new energy is connected to the grid, a layered and partitioned emergency load-shedding strategy was studied for the main distribution grid. Consequently, a distributed new energy and load-coordinated precise control strategy for the emergency control scenario of the main distribution grid was proposed. We developed a large-scale distributed new energy grid connection risk intelligence analysis and prevention decision-making system based on the regulatory cloud and demonstrated its application in regional power grids. [Results] The proposed indicator system has been verified in a power grid in a certain region of China; this system can comprehensively measure the risks faced during operation and accurately determine the risk level, verifying the effectiveness of the indicator system. The proposed risk prevention and control scheduling for a high proportion of distributed new energy grid connections in the main distribution grid, as well as the layered and partitioned emergency load-shedding strategy, can effectively enhance the risk prevention and control capabilities of distributed new energy grid connection operation. In the decision-making system, the safety, balance and consumption risk assessment module of the main distribution network intelligently analyzes the operation status of conventional power sources, centralized new energy and distributed new energy in the main distribution network, achieving real-time calculation and diagnosis of possible power grid balance and distributed new energy consumption risks in the future. [Conclusions] Through case analysis and demonstration application, we constructed a risk assessment index system for the main and distribution networks by identifying weak links in the power grid. The evaluation indicators at the main grid level mainly reflect the risks caused by distributed photovoltaics to power supply, grid safety and new energy consumption. Meanwhile, the evaluation indicators at the distribution grid level mainly reflect the impact of distributed photovoltaics on node voltage and equipment safety. Moreover, it can reasonably quantify and effectively characterize the operational risks of the grid caused by large-scale distributed photovoltaic grid connections. Additionally, the constructed plan adjustment and scheduling model for the main distribution grid considering multiple types of risks in a high proportion of distributed new energy operations can effectively reduce the comprehensive operational risk value of the main distribution grid and further improve operational reliability.
关键词
风险评估 /
防控策略 /
高比例光伏 /
主配网 /
切负荷
Key words
risk warning /
prevention and control strategy /
high proportion photovoltaic /
main distribution network /
load shedding
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基金
国家电网有限公司总部管理科技研究项目(4000-202218060A-1-1-ZN)
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