外界环境因素(如环境温度、相对湿度、大气压力、风速等)对故障电弧引发火灾过程有重要影响。为了探索温湿度对故障电弧特性和能量释放的影响机制，搭建了多参数可控的故障电弧试验平台，结合恒温恒湿试验机与高精度电信号采集系统，定量分析了环境温度(5~30 ℃)、相对湿度(20%~80%)及阻性负载对电弧时域特征的影响。利用电流电压的均方根值(RMS)及瞬时功率积分作为典型特征，研究典型环境因素(以环境温度、相对湿度为例)对交流串联故障电弧特性和能量释放的影响。研究发现：电流RMS与环境温度呈极强正线性相关关系，说明环境温度是影响电流强度的重要因素；电压RMS与环境温度呈中等负线性相关关系，环境温度升高导致电压有效值下降；能量释放与环境温度线性相关性较弱，说明环境温度对电弧释放总能量的影响有限。相对湿度对电流、电压及能量的影响较弱，线性相关性不显著。环境温度、相对湿度对于交流串联阻性负载电路产生的故障电弧具有比较复杂的非线性影响机制。该结果为不同环境因素下的故障电弧火灾早期风险预警提供了决策支撑。

Objective: Alternating current (AC) series fault arcs pose significant fire hazards in residential and industrial settings because of their high energy density and ability to ignite combustible materials. Environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity, influence the initiation, development, and energy release of fault arcs. Existing studies have primarily utilized simplified experimental conditions or qualitative observations, providing limited quantitative evidence on the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on arc characteristics. This study aims to systematically quantify the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the electrical characteristics and energy release of AC series fault arcs. Methods: A multiparameter fault arc experimental platform was built by combining a temperature-and humidity-controlled chamber with high-precision electrical signal acquisition instruments. The setup included an AC power supply, a 40 Ω resistive load, voltage and current probes, an oscilloscope, and a manual electrode separation mechanism. Series fault arcs were generated between a copper cone electrode and a fixed carbon electrode under controlled separation conditions. Two series of experiments were conducted: (1) In one series, the ambient temperature varied from 5 to 30 ℃ at 45% relative humidity, (2) while in the other, the relative humidity varied from 20% to 80% at 25 ℃. For each condition, multiple repetitions of the experiment were performed to ensure statistical reliability. Electrical signals were recorded and then processed by a discrete wavelet transform to remove noise while preserving the transient characteristics. The root mean square (RMS) values of current and voltage, as well as the instantaneous power integrals, were calculated to quantify the electrical characteristics and energy release. Results: The results revealed that RMS current generally increased from 4.64 A to 4.85 A as the ambient temperature increased from 5 to 30 ℃, indicating enhanced ionization and reduced gas density in the arc channel; meanwhile, the RMS voltage decreased from 30.55 V to 21.68 V, indicating lower arc impedance at higher temperatures. Increasing the relative humidity caused slight reductions in RMS voltage and energy release, while the RMS current remained largely stable, suggesting that higher humidity suppresses arc stability through enhanced cooling and electron recombination. These findings indicate that ambient temperature has a dominant influence on arc current, whereas voltage and energy release are moderately or weakly affected by environmental factors. Conclusions: This study establishes a robust experimental and analytical framework to quantify the impact of ambient temperature and relative humidity on AC series fault arcs. The results demonstrate that the electrical characteristics and energy release of fault arcs are sensitive to environmental parameters and exhibit nonlinear and condition-specific responses. These findings provide quantitative evidence for understanding the mechanisms underlying fault arc behavior and highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in fire risk assessments. The framework can support the development of tailored arc-fault mitigation strategies and improve the design of electrical systems to reduce fire hazards across diverse residential and industrial environments.