该文针对深埋隧洞衬砌结构开裂问题, 提出了采用玄武岩纤维混凝土(basalt fiber reinforced concrete, BFRC)提升衬砌结构承载能力的方法。首先, 对0~0.5%纤维体积率的BFRC试件进行拉压力学特性试验, 获得最优纤维掺量, 验证了素混凝土和最优掺量纤维混凝土损伤塑性(concrete damaged plasticity, CDP)模型参数; 其次, 采用数值模拟法建立了岩衬结构围岩-初期支护整体承载模型和二衬支护模型, 获得了深埋隧洞二衬支护特性曲线, 揭示了混凝土裂缝扩展规律; 最后, 定量分析了配筋率、 二衬厚度和纤维混凝土对二衬正常使用及极限状态承载力的影响。研究结果表明： 相较于素混凝土B0, 0.2%纤维体积率的BFRC轴拉强度和劈拉强度最大增幅分别为12.81%和14.79%, 0.5%纤维体积率的BFRC弯曲强度最大增幅为31.68%, 综合考虑纤维体积率最优掺量选用0.2%; 随着配筋率和二衬厚度的增加, 二衬0.30 mm裂缝荷载P0.30和极限状态承载力均呈线性增加, 配筋率每增加0.10%, P0.30平均增加约5.40%, 二衬厚度每增加0.10 m, P0.30平均增加约11.18%; 掺入纤维可有效提升混凝土的抵抗裂缝扩展能力, 混凝土初始开裂荷载和P0.30可分别提升38.64%和5.54%。该文研究结果可为深埋隧洞岩衬结构设计和纤维混凝土应用提供参考。
Abstract
[Objective] To address the issue of cracking in the lining structures of deep-buried tunnels, this paper proposes the use of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (BFRC) to improve the load-bearing capacity of lining structures. [Methods] Tension and compression tests were conducted on BFRC specimens with varying volume basalt fiber fractions ranging from 0 to 0.5%. The optimal fiber content was determined, and the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model parameters for plain and fiber-reinforced concrete with the optimal fiber content were validated. Then, numerical simulations were employed to create an integrated bearing model of surrounding rock-initial support and a secondary lining support model. The use of solid and structural elements and a secondary lining support characteristic curve (SCC) for deep-buried tunnels were obtained, revealing the crack propagation characteristics of the concrete. A quantitative analysis was conducted on the effects of the reinforcement ratio, secondary lining thickness, and fiber-reinforced concrete on the normal and ultimate state load-bearing capacity of the secondary lining. [Results] (1) Compared with those of plain concrete (B0), the maximum increases in the axial tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of BFRC with a fiber volume fraction of 0.2% were 12.81% and 14.79%, respectively. Furthermore, a maximum enhancement of 31.68% in the flexural strength of BFRC was noted when the fiber volume fraction was increased to 0.5%. The optimal fiber content was 0.2%. (2) The stress-strain curve of the BFRC could be fitted using peak compressive strength, peak compressive strain, and compressive shape parameters. The compressive shape parameter values for B0 and B0.2 were 6.50 and 3.00, respectively. The tensile stress-strain curve could be fitted using the peak tensile strength, peak tensile strain, and tensile shape parameter, with tensile shape parameter values for B0 and B0.2 being 3.00 and 1.86, respectively. (3) The CDP parameters for plain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete accurately simulated the peak tensile and compressive strengths as well as the shapes of the tensile and compressive stress-strain curves. For compressive stress-strain curves, the error between numerical simulation and experimental fitting values at 0.50% compressive strain was 2.48% (2.01%) for B0 (B0.2). For tensile stress-strain curves, the error at 0.04% tensile strain was 4.08% (1.68%) for B0 (B0.2). (4) The SCC curve of the secondary lining exhibited rapid linear growth initially, slow growth in the middle, and a nearly horizontal trend in the later stages with increasing displacement. For class V surrounding rock, the secondary lining crack width showed slow linear growth in the initial stage and rapid linear growth after reaching approximately 0.10 mm. Higher reinforcement ratios effectively delayed crack propagation in the early stage, although increasing the reinforcement ratio beyond 0.6% or 0.8% was not economically reasonable. (5) Increases in reinforcement ratio and lining thickness resulted in almost linear increases in the 0.30 mm crack load and ultimate state load-bearing capacity. For every 0.1% increase in the reinforcement ratio, 0.30 mm crack load increased by an average of 5.40%. In addition, for every 0.10 m increase in the secondary lining thickness, 0.30 mm crack load increased by an average of 11.18%. Fiber addition considerably enhanced concrete resistance to crack propagation, especially in the early stages, increasing the initial cracking load by 38.64% and the 0.30 mm crack load by 5.54%. [Conclusions] This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for designing deep-buried tunnel lining structures and serves as a reference for applying fiber-reinforced concrete in secondary lining structures of deep-buried tunnels.
关键词
深埋隧洞 /
二衬支护 /
纤维混凝土 /
最优纤维掺量 /
支护特性
Key words
deep buried tunnel /
second lining /
fiber-reinforced concrete /
optimal fiber content /
support characteristics
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 谭尧升, 樊启祥, 汪志林, 等. 白鹤滩特高拱坝智能建造技术与应用实践[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 61(7): 694-704. TAN Y S, FAN Q X, WANG Z L, et al. Intelligent construction methods for the Baihetan super high arch dam [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2021, 61(7): 694-704. (in Chinese)
[2] 樊启祥, 林鹏, 蒋树, 等. 金沙江下游大型水电站岩石力学与工程综述[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 60(7): 537-556. FAN Q X, LIN P, JIANG S, et al. Review on the rock mechanics and engineering practice for large hydropower stations along the downstream section of the Jinsha River [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2020, 60(7): 537-556. (in Chinese)
[3] PENG H, LIN P, XIANG Y, et al. Effects of carbon thin film on low-heat cement hydration, temperature and strength of the Wudongde Dam concrete [J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(6): 717.
[4] LIN P, ZHOU Y N, LIU H Y, et al. Reinforcement design and stability analysis for large-span tailrace bifurcated tunnels with irregular geometry [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2013, 38: 189-204.
[5] 刘康, 刘昭伟, 陈永灿, 等. 引水隧洞结构安全风险评价的动态Bayes网络模型[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 63(7): 1041-1049. LIU K, LIU Z W, CHEN Y C, et al. Dynamic Bayesian network model for the safety risk evaluation of a diversion tunnel structure [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2023, 63(7): 1041-1049. (in Chinese)
[6] ZHANG X, LIN X, ZHANG W, et al. Intelligent recognition of voids behind tunnel linings using deep learning and percussion sound [J]. Journal of Intelligent Construction, 2023, 1(4): 9180029.
[7] SUN X, WANG S, JIN J, et al. Computational methods of mass transport in concrete under stress and crack conditions: A review [J]. Journal of Intelligent Construction, 2023, 1(2): 9180015.
[8] LI P, WANG H, NIE D, et al. A method to analyze the long-term durability performance of underground reinforced concrete culvert structures under coupled mechanical and environmental loads [J]. Journal of Intelligent Construction, 2023, 1(2): 9180011.
[9] BORHAN T M. Properties of glass concrete reinforced with short basalt fibre [J]. Materials & Design, 2012, 42: 265-271.
[10] AYUB T, SHAFIQ N, NURUDDIN M F. Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete reinforced with basalt fibers [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2014, 77: 131-139.
[11] ALGIN Z, OZEN M. The properties of chopped basalt fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 186: 678-685.
[12] GUO Y H, HU X Y, LÜ J F. Experimental study on the resistance of basalt fibre-reinforced concrete to chloride penetration [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 223: 142-155.
[13] 邓宗才, 李建辉, 孙宏俊, 等. 新型纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性[J]. 公路, 2004(12): 163-169. DENG Z C, LI J H, SUN H J, et al. Flexural impact behavior of concrete beams reinforced with new type fibers [J]. Highway, 2004(12): 163-169. (in Chinese)
[14] 于泳, 朱涵, 朱学超, 等. 玄武岩纤维混凝土抗冲击性能研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2015, 36(S2): 354-358. YU Y, ZHU H, ZHU X C, et al. Study on impact resistance of basalt fiber reinforced concrete [J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(S2): 354-358. (in Chinese)
[15] 王振山, 邢立新, 吴波, 等. 硫酸腐蚀下玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土耐久性能影响研究[J]. 建筑结构, 2020, 50(15): 91-95. WANG Z S, XING L X, WU B, et al. Research on influence of basalt fiber addition on concrete durability under sulfuric acid environment [J]. Building Structure, 2020, 50(15): 91-95. (in Chinese)
[16] BRANSTON J, DAS S, KENNO S Y, et al. Mechanical behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 124: 878-886.
[17] SIM J, PARK C, MOON D Y. Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures [J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2005, 36(6-7): 504-512.
[18] WANG D H, JU Y Z, SHEN H, et al. Mechanical properties of high performance concrete reinforced with basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 197: 464-473.
[19] TENGILIMOGLU O, AKYUZ U. Experimental study on hybrid precast tunnel segments reinforced by macro-synthetic fibres and glass fibre reinforced polymer bars [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 106: 103612.
[20] KASPER T, EDVARDSEN C, WITTNEBEN G, et al. Lining design for the district heating tunnel in Copenhagen with steel fibre reinforced concrete segments [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2008, 23(5): 574-587.
[21] TAN Y Q, SMITH J V, LI C Q, et al. Predicting external water pressure and cracking of a tunnel lining by measuring water inflow rate [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2018, 71: 115-125.
[22] 卞康, 肖明. 高压水工隧洞钢筋混凝土衬砌开裂渗漏研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(S2): 3647-3654. BIAN K, XIAO M. Research on seepage of high pressure hydraulic tunnel when reinforced concrete lining cracking [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(S2): 3647-3654. (in Chinese)
[23] NOGALES A, DE LA FUENTE A. Crack width design approach for fibre reinforced concrete tunnel segments for TBM thrust loads [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 98: 103342.
[24] SONG W L, LAI H P, LIU Y Y, et al. Field and laboratory study of cracking and safety of secondary lining for an existing highway tunnel in loess ground [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 88: 35-46.
[25] BURATTI N, FERRACUTI B, SAVOIA M. Concrete crack reduction in tunnel linings by steel fibre-reinforced concretes [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 44: 249-259.
[26] SHARGHI M, CHAKERI H, AFSHIN H, et al. Investigation of the feasibility of using recycled steel fibers in tunnel lining segments [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 110: 103826.
[27] 崔光耀, 王李斌, 王道远, 等. 钢-玄武岩混杂纤维混凝土二次衬砌承载能力模型试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2018, 39(S2): 299-305. CUI G Y, WANG L B, WANG D Y, et al. Model test of bearing capacity of steel-basalt hybrid fiber reinforced concrete secondary lining [J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2018, 39(S2): 299-305. (in Chinese)
[28] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 普通混凝土配合比设计规程: JGJ 55—2011[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2011. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Specification for mix proportion design of ordinary concrete: JGJ 55—2011[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011. (in Chinese)
[29] 梁宁慧, 钟杨, 刘新荣. 多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗弯韧性试验研究[J]. 中南大学学报( 自然科学版), 2017, 48(10): 2783-2789. LIANG N H, ZHONG Y, LIU X R. Experimental study of flexural toughness for multi-scale polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2017, 48(10): 2783-2789. (in Chinese)
[30] 中国工程建设标准化协会. 纤维混凝土试验方法标准: CECS 13—2009[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2010. China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization. Standard test methods for fiber reinforced concrete: CECS 13—2009[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[31] 过镇海. 钢筋混凝土原理[M]. 3版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2013. GUO Z H. Principles of reinforced concrete [M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2013. (in Chinese)
[32] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 混凝土结构设计标准: GB/T 50010—2010[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2011. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Code for design of concrete structures: GB/T 50010—2010[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011. (in Chinese)
[33] 张颖, 吕西林, 年学成. 钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉应力-应变曲线试验研究[J]. 结构工程师, 2017, 33(1): 107-113. ZHANG Y, LÜ X L, NIAN X C. Stress-strain behavior for high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete under tensile loading [J]. Structural Engineers, 2017, 33(1): 107-113. (in Chinese)
[34] 周辉, 高阳, 张传庆, 等. 考虑围岩衬砌相互作用的钢筋混凝土衬砌数值模拟[J]. 水利学报, 2016, 47(6): 763-771. ZHOU H, GAO Y, ZHANG C Q, et al. Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete lining considering the interaction with the surrounding rock [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016, 47(6): 763-771. (in Chinese)
[35] TYSMANS T, WOZNIAK M, REMY O, et al. Finite element modelling of the biaxial behaviour of high-performance fibre-reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC) using Concrete Damaged Plasticity [J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2015, 100: 47-53.
[36] 池寅, 黄乐, 余敏. 基于ABAQUS的钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土损伤塑性本构模型取值方法研究[J]. 工程力学, 2017, 34(12): 131-142. CHI Y, HUANG L, YU M. Calibration method of damage plasticity model for steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete based on abaqus [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2017, 34(12): 131-142. (in Chinese)
[37] 国家能源局. 水工隧洞设计规范: NB/T 10391—2020[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2020. National Energy Administration. Code for design of hydraulic tunnel: NB/T 10391—2020[S]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2020. (in Chinese)
[38] 国家能源局. 水工混凝土结构设计规范: DL/T 5057—2009[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2009. National Energy Administration. Design specification for hydraulic concrete structures: DL/T 5057—2009[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[39] 汪基伟, 冷飞, 蒋勇. 圆形压力隧洞限裂配筋设计方法研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2011, 44(10): 143-148. WANG J W, LENG F, JIANG Y. Study of reinforcement design by crack width control for circular pressure tunnels [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2011, 44(10): 143-148. (in Chinese)
基金
北京交通大学人才基金项目(2024XKRC035);国家自然科学基金项目(12102230);中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H74);西藏自治区清洁能源科技重大专项项目(XZ202201ZD0003G);陕西省科技计划项目(2023-YBGY-278)
PDF(15963 KB)
