该文针对化学抑尘剂难以自然降解或降解性差、 表面活性低和易对土壤及水源造成二次污染等问题, 提出了微生物发酵合成矿山生物抑尘剂的方法, 并采用自主研发的双联发酵合成实验装置研究了生物抑尘剂的合成方法, 以提高生物抑尘剂的合成规模和生产效率。首先, 采用数值模拟法研究发酵装置中的基体流场速度、 流场湍动能、 气含率和搅拌功率; 其次, 通过实验验证了不同条件的气含率和抑尘剂产量; 最后, 对超滤分离提取的抑尘剂进行了界面性能和润湿性能实验。研究结果表明： 使用四斜直叶桨搅拌组合可形成明显的液体循环区域, 增加一层搅拌桨可扩大循环区域; 搅拌组合H的液面波动更小, 湍动能分布更均匀, 能提高溶氧值, 有利于气液传质, 通过测试菌体质量浓度和产率验证了搅拌组合H对提升基体均质化效果较好; 通过界面性能实验发现, 采用双级超滤时抑尘剂溶液的临界胶束质量浓度为22.65 mg/L, 抑尘剂随质量浓度的提升黏弹模量趋于稳定; 通过润湿性能实验发现, 经双级超滤提纯的抑尘剂沉降粉尘的最短时间为67 s, 对粉尘的润湿性较好。该文提出了从基体均质化角度研究较大容积的生物抑尘剂合成方法, 研究结果可为高效制备绿色环保型生物抑尘剂提供参考。
Abstract
[Objective] Dust is easily generated in all parts of the mining process, which can cause dust explosions and lead to occupational pneumoconiosis in workers. Therefore, dust reduction is crucial in mining operations and plays an important role in protecting the environment and worker health. While traditional chemical dust suppressants provide short-term effectiveness, they pose considerable challenges. These include poor resistance to natural degradation, low environmental performance, and the risk of secondary pollution of soil and water sources, creating a growing demand for sustainable alternatives. To address these challenges, the authors proposed the idea of using microbial fermentation to synthesize biological dust suppressants. [Methods] To enhance the scalability and efficiency of microbial fermentation dust suppressant (MFDS) production, this study used a self-developed experimental device for fermentation and synthesis of biological dust suppressants. Six straight-blade disc paddles (6S-DR), six semicircular-blade disc paddles (6S-SDR) and four inclined straight-blade paddles (4-IR) were selected to design eight mixing combinations. Numerical simulations were performed to analyze key parameters, such as the matrix flow field velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, gas holdup, and stirring power. In addition, experimental tests were conducted to validate gas holdup and MFDS yield under different conditions. Furthermore, MFDS solutions of three purities, acid precipitation, single-stage ultrafiltration, and two-stage ultrafiltration, were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). MFDS was conducted using an LC-MS system. Tests for interfacial performance and wettability of MFDS were also performed to assess its dust suppression capabilities at different purity levels. [Results] The results indicated that the stirring combination, using four oblique straight paddles, formed an obvious liquid circulation area. Adding an extra layer of paddles further expanded this area, enhancing heat and mass transfer. Stirring combination H demonstrated smaller liquid surface fluctuations and a more uniform distribution range of turbulent kinetic energy. These features increased dissolved oxygen levels and improved gas-liquid mass transfer, fostering microorganism growth. Consequently, stirring combination H achieved better substrate homogenization and delivered better fermentation performance under identical conditions.Interfacial performance tests revealed that when two-stage ultrafiltration was used, the critical micellar concentration of the bioreactor solution decreased to 22.65 mg/L. The higher the purity of the MFDS solution was, the smaller the critical micelle concentration of MFDS, and the viscoelastic modulus stabilized with increasing concentration. The ultrafiltration technique had a greater effect on the MFDS viscoelastic modulus, but the number of ultrafiltration cycles had a smaller effect on the viscoelastic modulus. The viscoelastic modulus stabilized as the concentration increased. Moreover, wettability tests indicated that the two-stage ultrafiltration purification improved dust suppression efficiency, achieving the shortest dust settling time of 67 s and remarkable wettability performance. Considering the results of the surface interface performance and wetting performance tests, the dust suppression performance of the two-stage ultrafiltration MFDS was superior. [Conclusions] This study investigated large-scale synthesis methods for biodust suppressants, focusing on matrix homogenization to increase production efficiency and scalability. This approach addresses key shortcomings of traditional chemical dust suppressants, including poor degradability, low surface activity, and environmental harm. By overcoming these issues, this study offers a meaningful solution to reduce dust pollution, protect the environment, and improve the occupational health of miners. Meanwhile, this study provides valuable theoretical guidance for the efficient development of green and environmentally friendly biological dust suppressants.
关键词
粉尘防治 /
生物抑尘剂 /
发酵合成 /
超滤提纯
Key words
dust control /
biological dust suppressant /
fermentation synthesis /
ultrafiltration purification
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274237);国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(52322404)
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