形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy，SMA)是一种驱动性能较好的新型智能材料。索穹顶结构是一种依靠预应力成型的索杆张力结构，能通过改变索单元长度调整结构形态和内力。为利用SMA控制索穹顶结构, 该文首先以SMA丝的形状记忆性能为基础，设计并制作了一种可用于主动控制的钢丝束；其次，进行了钢丝束的抗拉性能和回复性能试验，得到了温度与回复位移的关系；最后，将SMA钢丝束与钢丝绳串联，引入葵花型索穹顶结构，代替外斜索，通过升温实现结构的控制，并研究了均布荷载下，SMA钢丝束的控制效率。该文记录了控制过程中索应力值和节点位移值的变化，并与机械控制方法和有限元模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明：SMA钢丝束的回复性能良好，可作为索穹顶结构中调控索单元的可靠控制装置；调整外斜索长度可使结构的形态得到恢复，并能缓解脊索松弛现象。

Objective: Active control is a critical aspect of adaptive structures. The cable dome structure is a predominant form of large-span spatial architecture, with its equilibrium state representing the interaction between force and form. Consequently, the dome structure is controllable and serves as an ideal model for adaptive structures. Shape memory alloy (SMA), a typical smart material, demonstrates excellent shape memory effects and is frequently utilized as a driving mechanism in active control systems. This article explores the application of SMA in the adaptive cable dome structure to enhance structural form control, improve control accuracy, reduce control complexity and controller weight, and facilitate intelligent control. Methods: This paper uses the Geiger cable dome structure as a case study. First, a three-dimensional finite element model is created using ANSYS APDL software to assess the structural control requirements. Next, uniaxial tensile tests are performed on SMA wires to evaluate their material properties. According to the identified control requirements and the material properties of the SMA wire, a tendon designed for active control is developed and manufactured. A key design criterion is to ensure that the SMA tendon produces a specific plastic strain under load, which must remain below 8%. Subsequently, experimental research is conducted to evaluate the recovery performance of the SMA tendon. The SMA tendon is connected in series with steel wire rope to create the active control unit, which then replaces the external diagonal cables in the cable dome structure for active control testing. The performance of the SMA-based control method is compared with mechanical control methods to assess its effectiveness. Results: When the initial loads were set at 2 000, 2 500, and 3 000 N, the strain in the SMA tendon reached 4.10%, 4.54%, and 4.67%, respectively. Upon heating to 120 ℃, the tendon generated a recovery strain per unit heated length of 0.1462, 0.1554 and 0.1655 m^-1, respectively. Additionally, the rate of recovery strain during heating depended on the martensite volume fraction, which varied with temperature. Compared with mechanical control methods, the cable dome structure controlled by SMA exhibited smaller errors, with smoother curves for internal forces of units and displacements of nodes. Furthermore, the finite element simulation closely aligned with the experimental results, effectively describing the control process of the structure. When the length of the external diagonal cable was shortened by 0.90 mm, the internal force in the structural spine cable increased by more than 25%. Conclusions: This research demonstrates that SMA can function as an active control driver for cable elements in cable dome structures, providing a stable and reliable control process. Compared with mechanical control methods, the SMA control method is more convenient and easier to manage in terms of accuracy; however, the control rate is dependent on the martensite volume fraction. The SMA tendon used in this study is relatively thick, causing temperature transmission from the exterior to the core, which results in a lag effect and requires a certain stabilization time. Adjusting the inclined cables outside the cable dome can effectively control the shape of the cable dome structure and alleviate the relaxation of the spine cables.