针对传统方法难以测量离心泵旋转叶轮叶片表面压力的问题，该文构建了一种离心泵旋转叶轮叶片表面压力无线测量方法。该方法的核心为离心泵旋转叶轮叶片表面压力无线测量系统，主要包括薄型压力传感器、自主设计含线槽主轴、信号传感器放大器、动平衡可调同轴旋转固定基座等，实现了旋转叶轮叶片表面压力从叶片、主轴内数据线、联轴器处数据采集无线发射器到电脑端数据无线接收及存储器的精密传输和测量。基于清华大学流体机械综合试验台和所搭建的系统，对一台离心泵不同工况下叶轮叶片表面的4个测点进行了压力测量。试验结果表明，不同流量下，叶片压力面压力都高于吸力面压力，叶片尾部压力都高于头部压力。叶片头部正背面压差随流量的增大线性增大，叶片尾部正背面压差随流量的增大线性增大。不同流量下，叶片表面各测点的压力脉动主频均为叶轮旋转频率，次频为叶片通过频率和3倍叶轮旋转频率。主频幅值随流量的增大呈现先减小后增大再减小的变化，97%置信度的无量纲峰峰值随流量的增大而单调减小。

Objective: The unsteady flow within a centrifugal pump, particularly the pressure distribution on rotating impeller blades, is fundamental to its performance and stability. Direct, high-fidelity measurement of this pressure field remains a significant technical challenge due to the complexity of transmitting data from a high-speed rotating frame. In response, this study develops and validates a novel wireless measurement system designed to acquire dynamic pressure data directly from rotating pump blades. The objective is to use this system to conduct a detailed experimental investigation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of blade surface pressure under various operating conditions. This approach provides crucial data for validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, optimizing hydraulic design, and understanding the root causes of pump vibration and noise. Methods: The study was conducted on a centrifugal pump with a design flow rate (Q_d) of 18 m³/h, a rotational speed of 1 450 rpm, and an eight-blade impeller. A wireless measurement system was custom-designed, integrating four miniature pressure sensors (0–200 kPa range, 0.5% accuracy) flush-mounted on the blade surface to minimize flow disturbance. A specially machined main shaft with internal grooves routed the sensor wires to a compact shaft-mounted module containing signal amplifiers, a multi-channel data acquisition (DAQ) card, and a Wi-Fi transmitter. The DAQ system synchronously sampled data from all four channels at 1 024 Hz. Measurement points were located on the pressure side at 30% (PA) and 70% (PB) of the chord length, with corresponding locations on the suction side (SA and SB). Experiments were conducted over a range of flow rates, and nonstationary signal processing techniques, including time-domain analysis and Fast Fourier Transform, were applied. Results: The experiments provided detailed insights into time-averaged and unsteady pressure characteristics. Time-averaged results confirmed that on both the pressure and suction sides, the pressure at the trailing edge was higher than that at the leading edge. The pressure difference between the pressure and suction sides increased linearly with flow rate. Notably, the leading edge exhibited greater sensitivity to flow rate variations compared with the trailing edge, indicating that improvements in inlet flow conditions more significantly impact the loading at the blade front. The dynamic pressure signals showed strong periodicity driven by rotor–stator interaction (RSI) with the volute tongue. Frequency-domain analysis revealed that the dominant pulsation frequency at all locations was the shaft rotation frequency (F_i≈24.17 Hz), followed by the blade passing frequency (F_b≈193.36 Hz) and the third harmonic of the shaft rotation (≈72.5 Hz). The amplitude of the dominant frequency varied non-monotonically with flow rate, decreasing initially, then increasing, and finally decreasing again. Furthermore, the dimensionless peak-to-peak value (97% confidence level) exhibited a monotonic trend with increasing flow rate. Conclusions: A stable and reliable wireless measurement system for acquiring dynamic surface pressure on a rotating centrifugal pump impeller was successfully developed and validated. The system enables multi-point, synchronized, high-fidelity data acquisition, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods. The results offer direct quantitative insights into the effects of RSI and flow rate on blade loading and pressure pulsation, providing a valuable experimental database for CFD validation and a key foundation for the design of high-performance centrifugal pumps.