为合理评估灾害环境中人体与环境的热量交换并保障救援人员生命安全，开展人体整体和局部热交换的CFD模拟研究。首先，利用三维激光扫描技术对暖体假人进行扫描获得数值假人；其次，构建数值气候室，调节数值假人与入风口的夹角，并设置5个风向（0°、45°、90°、135°、180°）和8个风速（0.2、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、12.0、16.0、20.0 m/s）；最后，计算人体整体与不同部位的换热量和对流换热系数h_c，量化风速和风向对人体热交换的影响。结果表明：人体总换热量随风速增加而增加，当风速从0.2增加至20.0 m/s时，总换热量增加17.74倍，对流换热量占总换热量比值上升42.6%；人体各部位对流换热量存在明显差异，而风向对人体整体对流换热量的影响可忽略不计；风向对躯干部位的对流换热系数影响较四肢部位更大；0°风向下风速提高至16.0 m/s，相较于右侧肢体左上臂、左前臂、左大腿和左小腿的h_c值分别降低21.1、25.1、9.1、10.8 W/（m²·℃）。研究成果可为体表热传递数学模型的计算提供精度更高的对流热传递系数输入参数。

Objective: Heat strain and skin burn injuries severely affect the health of emergency rescue personnel and reduce their rescue efficiency in disaster environments. Predicting these injuries is thus a crucial aspect of early warning approaches. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient, influenced by factors such as wind velocity and wind direction, is a critical input for simulations of heat transfer, heat strain, and skin burn injuries. To improve the health and safety of emergency rescue personnel, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of wind velocity and wind direction on the heat transfer coefficient across different body segments is essential. Methods: First, a three-dimensional body scanning technique was applied to obtain a numerical thermal manikin, based on a 20-zone thermal manikin named "Newton" (including the head, face, chest, stomach, shoulders, back, thighs, calves, feet, forearms, hands, hips, and upper arms). Subsequently, a numerical climate chamber measuring 5 m × 2.7 m × 3 m was developed, with the numerical thermal manikin placed at the center. Second, the angle between the numerical manikin and the inlet was adjusted to set five wind directions (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), and eight wind velocities (0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, and 20.0 m/s) were used in the numerical simulation. Third, heat transfer and airflow were simulated using software based on the finite volume method, and the whole-body and local convective heat transfer coefficients were calculated under various wind directions and wind velocities. Finally, the simulation performance for heat transfer and the convective heat transfer coefficient was validated against experimental measurements and simulations in the literature. Results: The results indicated that dry heat transfer increased with wind velocity, with total heat transfer increasing by 17.74 times when wind velocity rose from 0.2 to 20.0 m/s. Moreover, the corresponding ratio of convection to dry heat transfer increased by 42.6%. By contrast, wind direction had a negligible effect on whole-body convective heat transfer but showed large differences among body segments. Specifically, the convective heat transfer coefficient at the torso was considerably higher than that at the four limbs (upper arms, forearms, thighs, and calves). At a wind direction of 0° and an wind velocity of 16.0 m/s, compared with the right limb, the convective heat transfer coefficient at the left upper arm, left forearm, left thigh, and left lower leg decreased by 21.1, 25.1, 9.1, and 10.8 W/(m²·℃), respectively. Conclusions: The convective heat transfer varied greatly across body segments, with the hands exhibiting the highest convective heat transfer coefficient in all cases. Specifically, the difference in convective heat transfer coefficient among body segments was amplified by wind velocity. The simulated convective heat transfer coefficients under different wind velocities and wind directions can serve as inputs for human thermoregulation models, heat strain evaluations, and skin burn injury assessments. Subsequently, these outputs can provide fundamental knowledge for developing early safety warning systems, high-performance personal protective clothing, and decision-making tools for rescue personnel during rescue operations.