深隧泵站进水池由于特殊的池体结构容易出现旋涡，影响泵站安全高效运行，其涡旋特性研究对消除不良流态、优化进水池体型具有重要意义。该文以10∶1的比例尺构建了深隧泵站进水池缩尺试验模型，基于LBM-LES (lattice Boltzmann based large-eddy simulation)方法对缩尺模型涡旋特性进行数值模拟研究，并对比缩尺模型试验PIV (particle image velocimetry)流场测量结果验证该文应用的深隧泵站进水池数值模型的有效性及可靠性，随后基于数值模拟及试验结果研究临界工况附近进水池流场特性。研究结果表明：该数值模型预测结果与试验结果吻合良好，主要测点流速分量误差不超过5%，对涡旋结构的数量、分布及涡量强度预测结果与试验结果基本一致，右出流管道管口上方流态受多个旋涡系影响，左出流管道上方流态受1个旋涡影响，同时大量旋转方向相反的涡旋对围绕着主要旋涡系分别向进水池扩散段左右壁面延伸。该数值模型对相近领域介观模型构建具有借鉴意义，研究结果对深隧泵站工程实际运行具有重要参考价值。

Objective: The intake pool of a deep-tunnel pump station is highly prone to air-entraining vortices due to its unique structural design, which can significantly impair pump performance. However, the mechanisms behind the initiation, development, and interaction of vortices in this specific intake pool configuration are not well understood. The lattice Boltzmann method combined with large-eddy simulation (LBM-LES) has been demonstrated in other fluid dynamics areas to match the accuracy of traditional LES methods while providing benefits in boundary handling and parallel processing. To examine vortex characteristics in the intake pool of a deep-tunnel pump station, this study uses the LBM-LES approach along with particle image velocimetry (PIV) flow-field measurements and numerical simulations on a model of the pump station. By comparing experimental data with simulation results, the study verifies the reliability and precision of the LBM-LES method. The combined experimental and numerical findings are then used to analyze vortex distribution and flow-field features of the intake pool under various operating conditions. Methods: A 10∶1 scale model of the deep-tunnel pump station intake pool was built in this study. To analyze the development of air-entraining vortices, three operating conditions— "below the critical Reynolds number Re," "at the critical Re," and "above the critical Re" —were set for the experiments and simulations, all using the same water depth. PIV flow-field measurements were then performed under these conditions, and vortex evolution of the scaled model was simulated with the LBM–LES method. The numerical results from LBM-LES were validated by comparing the average velocities and velocity components along measurement lines in both the simulations and experiments. Finally, the experimental and numerical data were used to examine vortex characteristics across different sections of the intake pool, including vortex distribution, intensity, and scale. By comparing vortex features under various operating conditions, the evolution of vortices near the critical condition was determined. Results: The numerical and experimental results showed the following: 1) The LBM-LES model aligned well with the experimental data. The velocity-component errors at key measurement points were within 5%, and the predicted number, distribution, and vorticity strength of the vortex structures matched the experimental observations. 2) The flow above the right outlet pipe was affected by multiple vortex systems. As Re increased, the vortex system near the right wall tended to merge, the vortex structures became more stable, and the vorticity gradually intensified. The flow above the left outlet pipe was dominated by a single vortex. With increasing Re, this vortex shifted from the left wall to a position directly above the pipe near the rear wall, and its vorticity progressively increased. Meanwhile, numerous vortices with opposite rotational directions formed around the main vortex system and extended toward the left and right walls of the intake-pool expansion section. 3) Vortices tended to form above outlet pipes near the rear wall. As Re increased, the negative vorticity above the pipe in Section 1 increased, while the vortex structure above the pipe in Section 2 moved closer to the free surface, and its vorticity gradually increased. Conclusions: The LBM–LES method was verified as a reliable and accurate approach for simulating vortex evolution in the intake pool of a deep-tunnel pump station, providing a new mesoscopic tool for similar intake-flow studies. Meanwhile, the investigated vortex characteristics will deepen the understanding of the vortex formation mechanism in this special type of intake pool, offering valuable engineering guidance for optimizing its structural design.