再结晶缺陷在单晶叶片制备与服役时均备受关注，制备过程中再结晶的有效控制是提升叶片良品率的关键；而服役过程中，无论是已有还是新产生的再结晶对发动机的安全性和可靠性均构成严重威胁。该文回顾了近几十年镍基单晶高温合金再结晶研究进展，根据单晶叶片制备工序与再结晶成因，将再结晶分为7种类型，包括3种固溶再结晶（塑性变形发生在固溶之前）：凝固收缩导致的叶片结构再结晶、型壳剥离导致的点状表面再结晶、芯撑断裂再结晶，以及4种外来机械应变导致热过程（如焊接、涂层、服役等）时发生的再结晶：喷砂表面再结晶、机械加工表面再结晶、喷丸表面再结晶、压缩拉伸再结晶。结合微观表征、数值模拟及机器学习方法阐述了各类型再结晶的形核与长大机制、形成规律与临界条件等。综述了再结晶检测方法（如同步辐射X射线衍射）及控制技术（如圆角设计、磁场处理等）的先进性与局限性。探讨并展望了通过跨尺度表征、原位表征等综合分析手段，明确再结晶形成过程的共性物理本质与个性规律，构建系统的再结晶数据库，从而为各类再结晶的全面精准控制提供有效指导。

Significance: Single-crystal (SX) blades made of nickel-based superalloys represent a major technological breakthrough in the aerospace sector. As core, critical components, they enable advanced modern aero-engines to achieve high thrust and high thrust-to-weight ratios. The elimination of grain boundaries in SX blades provides excellent high-temperature performance. However, recrystallization (RX) can reintroduce grain boundaries, severely degrading in-service performance. Consequently, RX defects are a significant concern throughout the fabrication and service lifecycle of SX blades. Effective control of RX during fabrication is crucial for improving blade yield, and pre-existing and newly formed RX during service pose a severe threat to engine safety and reliability. Progress: This paper reviews decades of studies on RX in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys. Based on the manufacturing procedures of SX turbine blades and the causes of RX formation, RX is classified into seven types. Three categories can be identified during solution heat treatment (following prior plastic deformation): structural RX induced by directional solidification shrinkage, spot-like surface RX caused by mold shell debonding, and RX induced by plastic strain at core pins due to core-pin fracture. Four categories are triggered by extrinsic mechanical strain during subsequent thermal processes (e.g., welding, coating, and service): sandblasting-induced surface RX, machining-induced surface RX, shot-peening-induced surface RX, and tension–compression deformation-induced RX. This classification provides a clear framework for targeted RX studies and control. Combined with microstructural characterization, numerical simulation, and machine learning, this paper further elaborates on the nucleation and growth mechanisms, formation laws, and critical conditions for each RX type. Nevertheless, monitoring RX nucleation sites in SX superalloys remains challenging. Existing study primarily focuses on grain growth at the micrometer scale, with insufficient atomic-scale imaging observations and in-situ studies to reveal its intrinsic nature. The paper also summarizes advancements and limitations in RX nondestructive testing techniques (e.g., synchrotron X-ray diffraction) and control strategies (e.g., fillet transition design and magnetic field treatment). Significant challenges persist in controlling structural RX for multibody SX blades and in inspecting and controlling inner-cavity structural RX in double-wall, ultra-cooled SX blades. The restriction of RX on blade structural design and performance improvement has become a growing area of concern. A new breakthrough integrating multiple engineering technical elements is urgently required for regulating spot-like surface RX. For core-pin fracture-induced RX, quantitative data criteria for core-pin material specification and process implementation are lacking, and reliable data guidance for evaluating the influence of rolled core pins in different blade regions on in-service performance is unavailable. Even when indispensable extrinsic mechanical strain is introduced during blade fabrication following solution heat treatment, its latent RX tendency during subsequent thermal operations and high-temperature service must be thoroughly assessed. Conclusions and Prospects: Finally, this paper explores and envisions the identification of the universal physical essence and specific laws of RX formation, as well as the construction of a systematic RX database. This is achieved through comprehensive analytical approaches, including cross-scale and in-situ characterization, thereby providing effective guidance for the precise control of all types of RX defects.