该文研究单电梯紧急疏散调度问题, 即在紧急情况下, 如何调度楼内可用的1部电梯, 以在最短时间内将各楼层已知人员全部疏散的问题。在已有整数规划模型及求解方法的基础上, 通过增加电梯运行约束以及线性化非线性约束等方法, 将问题表达为等价的整数线性规划问题, 并提出改进的启发式算法, 算法的核心思想在于使每个往返疏散的人数尽可能多且楼层被访问次数尽可能少。数值实验表明: 该算法比现有算法具有更好的疏散效果。
Abstract
This study considers the minimization of the evacuation time for a single elevator for emergency conditions when all the evacuees are waiting in the elevator halls before the evacuation begins. Integer programming (IP) and a heuristic algorithm are used to formulate the problem as an equivalent integer linear programming problem that includes the elevator operation constraints and linearizes the nonlinear constraints. The heuristic algorithm maximizes the number of evacuees evacuated in each roundtrip while minimizing the number of visits to the floors. Numerical tests verify the improved evacuation speed given by this algorithm relative to existing algorithms.
关键词
紧急疏散 /
电梯调度 /
整数线性规划 /
子集和问题
Key words
emergency evacuation /
elevator dispatching /
integer linear programming /
subset-sum problem
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Heyes E, Spearpoint M.Lifts for evacuation-human behaviour considerations [J]. Fire and Materials, 2012, 36(4): 297-308.
[2] Hakonen H.Simulation of Building Traffic and Evacuation by Elevators [D]. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, 2003.
[3] Proulx G, Heyes E, Hedman G, et al. The use of elevators for egress [C]//Proc 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire. Cambridge, UK: Robinson College, 2009: 97-110.
[4] Kuligowski E.Elevators for occupant evacuation and fire department access [C]//Proc CIB-CTBUH International Conference on Tall Buildings. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: CIB, 2003: 193-200.
[5] Klote J, Deal S, Donoghue E, et al. Fire evacuation by elevators [J]. Elevator World, 1993, 41(6): 66-70.
[6] Kuligowski E, Bukowski R.Design of occupant egress system for tall buildings [C]//Proc 16th CIB World Building Congress: Building for the Future. Toronto, Canada: CIB, 2004.
[7] Klote J H, Levin B M, Groner N E. Emergency elevator evacuation systems [C]//Proc 2nd Symposium on Elevators, Fire, and Accessibility. Baltimore, USA: ASME, 1995: 131-149.
[8] Luh P, Xiong B, Chang S.Group elevator scheduling with advance information for normal and emergency modes [J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2008, 5(2): 245-258.
[9] Siikonen M L, Sorsa J S. Elevator evacuation algorithms [C]//Peacock R D, Kuligowski E D, Averill J D. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 637-647.
[10] 王晶, 牟晓牧, 许鋆, 等. 紧急疏散电梯调度算法 [J]. 清华大学学报: 自然科学版, 2013, 53(7): 1041-1045.Wang Jing, Mu Xiaomu, Xu Jun, et al. Elevator scheduling algorithm for emergency evacuation [J].J Tsinghua Univ (Sci & Technol), 2013, 53(7): 1041-1045. (in Chinese)
[11] Klote J. A method for calculation of elevator evacuation time [J]. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 1993, 5(3): 83-95.
PDF(960 KB)
