流体性质对液滴碰撞壁面影响的数值研究

杜宇轩; 闵琪; 李衍智; 都家宇

doi:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.21.021

清华大学学报（自然科学版） >

2022 , Vol. 62 >Issue 2: 294 - 302

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.21.021

能源与动力工程

流体性质对液滴碰撞壁面影响的数值研究

杜宇轩 ,
闵琪 ,
李衍智 ,
都家宇

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清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院, 先进核能技术协同创新中心, 先进反应堆工程与安全教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084

杜宇轩(1989-),男,硕士研究生

收稿日期: 2020-12-09

网络出版日期: 2022-01-22

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51976104，51676113）

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Numerical study of the effect of fluid properties on droplet impacts

DU Yuxuan ,
MIN Qi ,
LI Yanzhi ,
DU Jiayu

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Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received date: 2020-12-09

Online published: 2022-01-22

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摘要

不同学者对液滴碰撞动力学的研究结论具有差异，研究的流体种类也较为单一。该文建立的研究体系包含了水、甘油水溶液、硅油、常温液态金属在内的9组流体，将流体黏度、表面张力的研究范围扩展至1~970 mPa·s、20~500 mN/m，通过相场法数值模拟，补充低Reynolds数Re的液滴碰撞数据，探索已有理论的适用性。研究表明：碰撞初期，铺展因子β随无量纲时间τ变化的已有理论主要适用于Re>100的情况。最大铺展因子β_max与Weber数We在毛细力区满足β_max∝We^b，在黏性力区满足β_max∝Re^b，与已有理论相符，壁面润湿性对指数b的影响具有规律。最小中心厚度h_min^*仅在We≥10时与已有理论h_min∝Re^-0.5相符；We<；10时，h_min^*受到壁面润湿性和表面张力的明显影响。而当Re趋近于1时，β_max和h_min^*由液滴初始动能和壁面润湿性决定，偏离上述幂函数规律。

关键词： 液滴碰撞; 流体性质; 壁面润湿性; 铺展因子; 中心厚度; 相场法

本文引用格式

杜宇轩 , 闵琪 , 李衍智 , 都家宇 . 流体性质对液滴碰撞壁面影响的数值研究[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022 , 62(2) : 294 -302 . DOI: 10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2021.21.021

Abstract

Previous research on droplet impact dynamics has yielded different results, and the types of fluids studied are not sufficiently diverse. This project numerically modeled droplet impact dynamics with nine kinds of fluids including water, glycerite, silicone oil, and liquid metals at room temperature with viscosities of 1-970 mPa·s and surface tensions of 20-500 mN/m. The phase-field model was used to supplement the data at low Reynolds numbers to explore the applicability of existing theories. The results show that at the beginning of the impact, the existing law for the spread factor, β, varying with the dimensionless time, τ, is applicable for Re>100. The simulation results are consistent with existing theory that the maximum spread factor, β_max, scales as β_max∝We^b in the capillary regime and β_max∝Re^b in the viscous regime. The effect of wall wettability on the exponent b was also analyzed. The minimum center thickness, h_min^*, is consistent with the existing theory of h_min^*∝Re^-0.5 only when We ≥ 10. For We < 10, the wall wettability and surface tension strongly influence h_min^*. As Re tends to 1, β_max and h_min^* are determined by the initial kinetic energy of droplet and wettability of target surface, but they deviate from the above power function laws.

Key words： droplet impact; fluid properties; wall wettability; spread factor; central thickness; phase-field method

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