高压氢气泄漏并发生点火是氢火灾事故的核心场景，也是氢安全研究的基本内容。该文对高压氢气泄漏后立即点火、延迟点火以及有防护墙存在时的延时点火3种场景进行了数值模拟仿真，分析了点火时间、防护墙对温度和超压的影响。结果表明：氢气泄漏后在喷口处立即点燃会形成射流火焰，该过程不会产生明显的超压；泄漏一段时间后再进行点火，将由点火中心产生压力波并向外传播，并随着与点火中心距离的增大，最大超压降低，燃烧稳定后形成的射流火焰与立即点火时基本一致；防护墙有效削弱了压力波及火焰向墙后方的传播，墙后方的超压及温度明显降低。因此，合理设置防护墙可以缩小危险范围，缩短安全距离。
Unintended high pressure hydrogen releases and ignition are key scenarios in hydrogen accidents, so they are basic topics of hydrogen safety research. This study modeled three hydrogen fire scenarios including immediate ignition, delayed ignition, and delayed ignition with a barrier wall. The analyses predicted the temperature and pressure distributions for each scenario. The results show that immediate ignition of the released hydrogen resulted in a steady jet fire without significant overpressure. Delayed ignition caused a pressure wave at the ignition location that spread outward. The jet fire for delayed ignition was similar as that for immediate ignition after the fire stabilized. The overpressure decreased with distance from the ignition location. The barrier wall weakened the spread of the pressure waves and the flames with significantly lower overpressures and temperatures behind the wall. Therefore, barrier walls should be used to reduce hazardous areas and shorten separation distances.
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